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Refractive in Medical News
Bausch & Lomb and 20/10 Perfect Vision Finalize Refractive Surgery Joint Venture
MUNICH, Germany, April 30 /PRNewswire/ -- Bausch & Lomb, the global eye health company, and 20/10 Perfect Vision AG, the femtosecond laser developer, have completed their transaction to form a joint venture focused on the laser vision correction industry. Financial terms were not disclosed. ...Premium Lens Boot Camp™ Helps Refractive Surgeons Grow Their Premium IOL Practice
Premium Lens Boot Camp™ - a first-of-its-kind training program to help refractive & cataract surgeons grow their accommodating/multi-focal lens business - has announced that its first boot camp session will be held on June 5th in Chicago at the O'Hare Marriott. ...Juvenile Onset Myopia may Be Due to Parental Refractive Error
Progression of myopia is slower in children who wear a special kind of no-line bifocal lenses than those who wear more conventional lenses// according to a new study published in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS). The study found that among children with two myopic parents, ...Glaucoma & Ocular Hypertension more likely in patients with refractive errors
A study which appeared in the clinical journal of Ophthalmology concludes that farsightedness appears to be associated with a five-year risk of ocular hypertension, and nearsightedness is associated with a significantly increased prevalence// of glaucoma, in Caucasians. The study was conducted with...STAAR Surgical Generates Cash From Operations During Second Quarter
...eons and include the Visian ICL, a tiny, flexible lens implanted to correct refractive errors, as well as innovative products designed to improve patient outcomes...potential effect of recent negative publicity about LASIK on the demand for refractive surgery in general in the U.S. STAAR assumes no obligation to update its fo......g proprietary technologies. STAAR's products are used by ophthalmic surgeons and include the Visian(R) ICL, a tiny, flexible lens implanted to correct refractive errors, as well as innovative products designed to improve patient outcomes for cataracts and glaucoma. Manufactured in Switzerland by STAAR, the ICL...
LCA-Vision Reports Second Quarter Financial Results
...eks. AVA constitutes a comprehensive eye analysis using new diagnostic tools to determine a patient's candidacy for laser vision correction and other refractive surgical procedures, as well as to screen for various eye diseases and irregularities. During the test, we intend to charge an AVA fee that will be c...Review of STAAR's Application for the Visian(R) Toric Implantable Collamer(R) Lens by FDA to Resume
...eons and include the Visian ICL, a tiny, flexible lens implanted to correct refractive errors, as well as innovative products designed to improve patient outcomes...potential effect of recent negative publicity about LASIK on the demand for refractive surgery in general in the U.S. STAAR assumes no obligation to update its fo...Review of STAAR's Application for the Visian(R) Toric Implantable Collamer(R) Lens by FDA to Resume
...eons and include the Visian ICL, a tiny, flexible lens implanted to correct refractive errors, as well as innovative products designed to improve patient outcomes...potential effect of recent negative publicity about LASIK on the demand for refractive surgery in general in the U.S. STAAR assumes no obligation to update its fo...SynergEyes, Inc. Launches New Hybrid Lens Design for Keratoconus Patients
...gEyes(R) Multifocal lens for presbyopia; SynergEyes(R) KC and ClearKone(TM) for keratoconus; and the SynergEyes(R) PS for post-surgery and post-trauma refractive errors. Contact: Kellie Kaseburg Vice President, Global Marketing 877.SEE.2012 This release was issued ...Refractive in Medical Technology
SynergEyes, Inc. Raises $13.3 Million in 'Series C' Financing
...ion; the SynergEyes(R) KC for keratoconus; the SynergEyes(R) Multifocal lens for presbyopia; and the SynergEyes(R) PS for post-surgery and post-trauma refractive errors. Contact: Kellie Kaseburg Vice President of Global Marketing kkaseburg@synergeyes.com 877.SEE.2012 http://ww...New Implantable Lenses Can Reduce the Need for Glasses After Cataract Surgery
...'s ciliary muscle contracts or relaxes. This improves the ability to change focus from near to far. The multifocal intraocular lens uses a new type of refractive technology to provide focus for multiple distances. This type has either small, concentric circular ridges that permit the eye to change its range of ...Refractive in Medical Products
ReZoom Refractive Multifocal IOL
Description: ReZoom intraocular lens is a second-generation refractive multifocal IOL that provides hyperopic cataract patients with greater independence from glasses than monofocal IOLs. The ReZoom proprietary multifocal design provides a range of vision that monfocals cannot match. The ReZoom Balanced ...Company:Advanced Medical Optics, Inc.
OPD-Scan II Refractive Power / Corneal Analyzer
Description: The NIDEK OPD-Scan II provides information on corneal topography, wavefront, autorefraction, keratometry and pupillometry in one unit, utilizing state-of-the-art imaging and analysis technology developed specifically to measure normal to highly aberrated eyes. The system offers a variety of d...Company:NIDEK, Inc.
OPD-Scan Refractive Power / Corneal Analyzer
Description: Both corneal topography and refractive error data are measured together in a single step to minimize alignment errors. Objective autorefractometry and autokeratometric readings of sphere, cylinder and axis values are simultaneously determined....Company:NIDEK, Inc.
Description: Designed to provide open approaches of the keratome to the cornea for either the left or right eye. Lightweight wire design adds to the comfort of the instrument when in place....
Company:Bausch & Lomb Storz
Description: Smooth, blunt round spatula for manipulations of the corneal flap. Ideal for placement under the flap to expose the stromal interface....
Company:Bausch & Lomb Storz
Description: The number of patients requiring cataract surgery following refractive surgery grows larger each year. This has created a challenge for surgeons, as calculating IOL power for a modified cornea is difficult. True corneal power following RK, ALK, PRK and LASIK is difficult to accurately measure by ke...
Company:Quantel Medical, Inc.
FEMTO LDV Femtosecond Surgical Laser
Description:...n conceived to provide a versatile, powerful platform for a wide spectrum of applications in corneal surgery. The basic system addresses the demand of refractive surgeons for an "all-Laser LASIK" capability that is consistent with an efficient LASIK work-flow. The solution by Ziemer is based on an all-new femto...Company:ZIEMER USA, Inc.
Description:... Halberg Trial Clips have become a required addition to every refractive stand. These useful and inexpensive clips may be fitted over your patient's spectacle frame. Each cell has space for three lenses and the rubber...
Company:Keeler Instruments Inc.
Description:... acuity from 20/16 to 20/100. This test is designed to detect very subtle changes in vision, such as associated with contact lens evaluation or due to refractive surgery. The upper two rows of the test provide the same contrast and acuity levels as the lower two rows; different groups of letters are used in the...
Company:VectorVision
Description:...1000ETDRS10% test face presents the standard ETDRS test at a contrast level of 10%. This test is widely used in clinical studies for the evaluation of refractive surgery and contact lenses....
Company:VectorVision
Refractive in Medical Definition
...ovement , accommodation and refraction
Strabismus - Ophthalmoparesis - Progressive external ophthalmoplegia - Esotropia - Exotropia - refractive error - Hyperopia - Myopia - Astigmatism - Anisometropia - Presbyopia - Fourth nerve palsy - Sixth nerve palsy - Kearns-Sayre syndrome...
Refractive in Medical Dictionary
...l capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery. This... Information on vision impairment . Provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Preventio...
...matoid arthritis or ... Provides information for doctors and patients about uveitis and other eye inflammations, and cataract, corneal, and refractive surgery. See, also, GLAUCOMA, GLAUCOMA AND UVEITIS ... Untreated or under-treated uveitis , or repeated episodes of inflammation within ... ...
...Publishing company. ... This means the squint is not caused by a lesion reducing innervation. The squint in this example, is caused by a refractive error in one or both eyes. ... Squint or strabismus is an important disorder of the eye that commonly affects children. ... What is squint ...
...iew covers causes, screening and treatment, including corrective lenses and refractive surgery. ... Premature presbyopia ... You may start to notice presby...ility to focus up ... It is common to have presbyopia and another type of refractive error at the same ... How is presbyopia corrected? ... What is presb...
...ly by various eye conditions including ... Persistent photophobia may be due to ocular surface disease (dry eye syndrome) ... The NEXUS, refractive Eye Surgery Information, corneal topography and cataract ... Glare and/or photophobia . Corneal edema. Ghost images. Fluctuation of vision ... ...
...ode for a patient who will ... The diagnosis of optic neuritis is usually made clinically. ... Optic Neuritis . Presbyopia: Why Bifocals? refractive Surgery. Retinitis Pigmentosa ... The percentage of optic neuritis patients who later develop MS or necrologic ... The linkage between idiopa...
...e, such as the lacrimal system and eyelids. The term... Information on eye anatomy and health, diseases and conditions, consumer advocacy, and refractive surgery. ... Copyright American Academy of Ophthalmology 2009 ... Information about the practice of ophthalmology . ... Neuro- ophthalmology i...
... Myopia, also called nearsightedness or shortsightedness, is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front...in the shape of the eyeball ... Read an article that addresses a common refractive error, myopia, that effects schoolage children, premature babies and those ...
... Myopia , also called nearsightedness or shortsightedness, is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front... © 2006 Medical Dictionary. Myopia is the visual condition in ... 1.4 refractive Myopia ... 1.4.1 Night Myopia and Tonic Accommodation. Night myopia i...
...ding symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues. ... of Meibomian gland ... Consumer information on refractive surgery. Discusses risks, benefits, and ... For complete information on meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eyes, visit the ... Encyclopedia a...
...matoid arthritis or ... Provides information for doctors and patients about uveitis and other eye inflammations, and cataract, corneal, and refractive surgery. See, also, GLAUCOMA, GLAUCOMA AND UVEITIS ... Untreated or under-treated uveitis , or repeated episodes of inflammation within ... ...
...Publishing company. ... This means the squint is not caused by a lesion reducing innervation. The squint in this example, is caused by a refractive error in one or both eyes. ... Squint or strabismus is an important disorder of the eye that commonly affects children. ... What is squint ...
...iew covers causes, screening and treatment, including corrective lenses and refractive surgery. ... Premature presbyopia ... You may start to notice presby...ility to focus up ... It is common to have presbyopia and another type of refractive error at the same ... How is presbyopia corrected? ... What is presb...
...ly by various eye conditions including ... Persistent photophobia may be due to ocular surface disease (dry eye syndrome) ... The NEXUS, refractive Eye Surgery Information, corneal topography and cataract ... Glare and/or photophobia . Corneal edema. Ghost images. Fluctuation of vision ... ...
...ode for a patient who will ... The diagnosis of optic neuritis is usually made clinically. ... Optic Neuritis . Presbyopia: Why Bifocals? refractive Surgery. Retinitis Pigmentosa ... The percentage of optic neuritis patients who later develop MS or necrologic ... The linkage between idiopa...
...e, such as the lacrimal system and eyelids. The term... Information on eye anatomy and health, diseases and conditions, consumer advocacy, and refractive surgery. ... Copyright American Academy of Ophthalmology 2009 ... Information about the practice of ophthalmology . ... Neuro- ophthalmology i...
... Myopia, also called nearsightedness or shortsightedness, is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front...in the shape of the eyeball ... Read an article that addresses a common refractive error, myopia, that effects schoolage children, premature babies and those ...
... Myopia , also called nearsightedness or shortsightedness, is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front... © 2006 Medical Dictionary. Myopia is the visual condition in ... 1.4 refractive Myopia ... 1.4.1 Night Myopia and Tonic Accommodation. Night myopia i...
...ding symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues. ... of Meibomian gland ... Consumer information on refractive surgery. Discusses risks, benefits, and ... For complete information on meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eyes, visit the ... Encyclopedia a...
Refractive in Biological News
Researchers 'unzip' molecules to measure interactions keeping DNA packed in cells
...and how the motor proteins can invade the nucleosome," Wang said. Optical trapping involves a focused beam of light that can "trap" small objects. A refractive sphere is chemically attached to the DNA strand, and the optical trap moves the sphere, allowing the researchers to unzip the DNA strands apart by pul...Gene with probable role in human susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis identified
...rapeutic intervention," Dr. MacAry added. "This is extremely important given the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of M.tuberculosis that are refractive to current treatment regimes." Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M...Illuminating biology: An evolutionary perspective
...cept of "gene sharing" through their studies on lens crystallins, abundant water-soluble proteins of the transparent lens responsible for its optical, refractive properties required for focused vision. Gene sharing refers to the way that a single gene may be involved in multiple functions. Gene sharing allows p...Researchers bridge the 'terahertz gap' with new tunable metamaterial
... radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. Numerous novel effects have been demonstrated that defy accepted principles. Metamaterials demonstrated negative refractive index and up until that point the commonly held belief was that only a positive index was possible, said Padilla. Metamaterials gave us access to new ...Engineers demonstrate a new type of optical tweezer
...ng their new tweezer inside microfluidic chips to carry out fluid velocity, refractive index, and local viscosity measurements. Additional applications include biological force measurements and sorting particles based on their size and refractive index. Particle-sorting chips based on large arrays of tweezers could be us...MIT creates 3-D images of living cell
... images by taking advantage of a property known as refractive index. Every material has a well-defined refractive index, which is a measure of how much the speed of...hrough it. A 2D image containing information about refractive index is thus obtained. To create a 3D image, t...Drug-resistant bacterial infections serious complication after corrective eye surgery
...d MRSA infections in the eyes of 12 patients after refractive surgery. These are the first cases of MRSA infectious keratitis following refractive surgery, the first reports of MRSA keratitis after refractive surgery in patients with no known exposure to a he...Promising cell protein may play role in infection and dry eye
... the protein between the epithelium of the cornea and conjunctiva cells," says Massaro-Giordano, an assistant professor of ophthalmology, cataract and refractive surgery at Scheie. "This may help us understand the molecular mechanisms that dictate the different expression profiles of PAI-2 in human corneal and ...Purdue creates new low-cost system to detect bacteria
...tterns. "Therefore, we can treat the colonies as lenses and use Zernike polynomials," Rajwa said. Factors such as the shape of bacteria, their refractive indexes - or how much they bend light - the types of substances secreted by a particular bacterium and the distance between individual bacteria in a c...New 'implanted contacts' designed to fix nearsightedness
... corrections are outside the parameters for routine laser procedures, said Dr. Steven Verity, associate professor of ophthalmology, who specializes in refractive corneal surgery. Rather than reshaping the eye, as in laser surgery, or replacing the eye's natural lens, as with intraocular lenses, the collame...Refractive in Biological Technology
Several leading LASIK and refractive eye surgery experts listed in the Trusted LASIK Surgeons directory presented research and participated in educating their peers at the recently concluded American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Annual Meeting (ASCRS) in San Francisco, California. ...
Several leading LASIK and refractive eye surgery experts listed in the Trusted LASIK Surgeons directory were actively involved at the recently concluded American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) annual meeting in Atlanta. Dr. Randy Epstein, Dr. Walter Stark, Dr. James McCulley, Dr. R. Wayne Bowman...
Doctors Stephen Brint, Daniel Durrie, Shachar Tauber, Stephen Slade, R. Wayne Bowman, William Whitson, James Salz, Ronald Krueger, Jason Stahl, Karl Stoneciper, Brock Magruder, and Richard Braunstein, attended the recent Alcon Symposium in Dallas, Texas, which featured the Allegretto Wave excimer...
Trusted LASIK Surgeons is pleased to welcome Richard Duffey, M.D., to its LASIK Directory. Dr. Duffey treats patients in Mobile, Alabama and also serves patients from Pensacola, Florida and from the Biloxi, Gulf Port, and Pascagoula communities in Mississippi. Trusted LASIK Surgeons launched it...
Trusted LASIK Surgeons launched its revolutionary Trusted LASIK Surgeons directory service and information resource for consumers at www.TrustedLASIKSurgeons.com . What sets the Trusted LASIK Surgeons directory apart is a unique screening process that helps ensure only those LASIK surgeon who ar...
TAMPA, Fla., April 8, 2008 /PRNewswire/ -- Sirion Therapeutics, Inc., a privately held ophthalmic-focused biopharmaceutical company, announced today the presentation of data from two Phase 3 clinical trials of Durezol(TM) (difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion) 0.05%, a topical steroid in the trea...
... Several of LASIK and refractive eye surgery experts listed at Trusted LASIK Surgeo...red at the recent American Society of Cataract and refractive Surgery (ASCRS) annual meeting in San Francisco, C...hallenge Cup is a competition between two teams of refractive surgery experts judged by a vote of the audience b...
Several leading LASIK and refractive eye surgery experts listed in the Trusted LASIK Surgeons directory were actively involved at the recently concluded American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) annual meeting in Atlanta. Dr. Randy Epstein, Dr. Walter Stark, Dr. James McCulley, Dr. R. Wayne Bowman...
Doctors Stephen Brint, Daniel Durrie, Shachar Tauber, Stephen Slade, R. Wayne Bowman, William Whitson, James Salz, Ronald Krueger, Jason Stahl, Karl Stoneciper, Brock Magruder, and Richard Braunstein, attended the recent Alcon Symposium in Dallas, Texas, which featured the Allegretto Wave excimer...
Trusted LASIK Surgeons is pleased to welcome Richard Duffey, M.D., to its LASIK Directory. Dr. Duffey treats patients in Mobile, Alabama and also serves patients from Pensacola, Florida and from the Biloxi, Gulf Port, and Pascagoula communities in Mississippi. Trusted LASIK Surgeons launched it...
Trusted LASIK Surgeons launched its revolutionary Trusted LASIK Surgeons directory service and information resource for consumers at www.TrustedLASIKSurgeons.com . What sets the Trusted LASIK Surgeons directory apart is a unique screening process that helps ensure only those LASIK surgeon who ar...
TAMPA, Fla., April 8, 2008 /PRNewswire/ -- Sirion Therapeutics, Inc., a privately held ophthalmic-focused biopharmaceutical company, announced today the presentation of data from two Phase 3 clinical trials of Durezol(TM) (difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion) 0.05%, a topical steroid in the trea...
STAAR Surgical Receives FDA Clearance for the Epiphany(TM) Injector System
...products include the Visian ICL, a tiny, flexible lens implanted to correct refractive errors, as well as innovative products designed to improve patient outcomes...potential effect of recent negative publicity about LASIK on the demand for refractive surgery in general in the U.S. CONTACT: Investors ...STAAR Surgical Receives CE Mark Approval for KS-X Preloaded Hydrophobic Acrylic Lens Injector System
...products include the Visian ICL, a tiny, flexible lens implanted to correct refractive errors, as well as innovative products designed to improve patient outcomes...potential effect of recent negative publicity about LASIK on the demand for refractive surgery in general in the U.S. CONTACT: Investors ...... Several of LASIK and refractive eye surgery experts listed at Trusted LASIK Surgeo...red at the recent American Society of Cataract and refractive Surgery (ASCRS) annual meeting in San Francisco, C...hallenge Cup is a competition between two teams of refractive surgery experts judged by a vote of the audience b...
STAAR Surgical Releases Afinity(TM) Collamer(R) Aspheric Single Piece NTIOL
...s. Collamer has high water content and a gradient refractive index, much like the natural lens, providing for i...an ICL, a tiny, flexible lens implanted to correct refractive errors, as well as innovative products designed to...complications of LASIK could reduce demand for all refractive procedures, our limited capital resources and limi...Refractive in Biological Products
Adept HPLC System 9, Isocratic Refractive Index from Cecil Instruments Ltd.
Description: The excellent isocratic refractive index chromatography system, uses the highly sensitive and stable detector CE 4700. Data processing is provided by the CE 4900 interface and software. Solvent delivery is by the high pressure CE 4100 dual piston pump. A column heater can be supplied. The ...Company:Cecil Instruments Ltd.
Clarion mounting medium - DAB NBT TNBT Vega Red and Fuchsin from GeneTex
Description:... To assure excellent optical quality, Clarin has a refractive index of nD=1.473, which minimizes the refraction ...ble mounting media, Clarin will not loose its high refractive index as a consequence of solvent evaporation. Thi...hat the solvent is mainly responsible for the high refractive index of the mounting media. Clarin is designed wi...Company:GeneTex
Basic IonQuest System from Cecil Instruments Ltd.
Description:...tionally ultra-low drift . In addition to the standard conductivity detector, the IonQuest can be used with other detectors, such as electrochemical, refractive index, UV/Visible, WaveQuest UV/Visible ultra-fast scanning and fluorescence....Company:Cecil Instruments Ltd.
Refractive in Biological Definition
.../ frequency (in megahertz).
When light waves (and other electromagnetic waves) enter a medium, their wavelength is reduced by a factor equal to the refractive index n of the medium but the frequency of the wave is unchanged. The wavelength of the wave in the medium, λ' is given by:
where:
...
Other TagsOther Contents
(Date:5/20/2013)... when the spotlight is focused on obesity more than ever, ... associated with weight or certain adverse health risks. According to ... of Nutrition Journal , adults who consume candy at ... overweight nor have greater risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) ... frequent candy eaters (less than 3 times per month).1 ...
(Date:5/20/2013)... Brenda Goodman HealthDay Reporter , , SATURDAY, May ... doctors a better view during colonoscopies may help them ... study shows. Colonoscopies are the recommended screening tests ... killer of men and women in the United States. ... flexible tube with a camera mounted on the end ...
(Date:5/20/2013)... HealthDay Reporter , , SUNDAY, May 19 (HealthDay News) -- ... sleep by endlessly and subconsciously waking them up, becomes ... study raises the possibility that it may somehow cause ... Don,t worry just yet if you have sleep ... there may be no connection between the two conditions. ...
(Date:5/20/2013)... News) -- If you,ve got bunions, chances are others ... with a new study finding the condition is often ... the May issue of Arthritis Care & Research ... inherit conditions such as bunions or other toe deformities. ... heritability of common foot disorders in older adults," Dr. ...
(Date:5/20/2013)... 20, 2013) Research presented at Digestive Disease Week ... with diarrhea (IBS-D) and hepatitis C. , An ... IBS-D. In the phase II study, researchers found that ... 50 percent of the individuals treated. , "While ... IBS with constipation, we haven,t seen the same in ...
Breaking Medicine News(10 mins):Health News:New study suggests candy consumption frequency not linked to obesity or heart disease 2Health News:New study suggests candy consumption frequency not linked to obesity or heart disease 3Health News:New Device May Show Doctors More of the Colon 2Health News:New Device May Show Doctors More of the Colon 3Health News:Sleep Apnea in Seniors Tied to Alzheimer's in Study 2Health News:Sleep Apnea in Seniors Tied to Alzheimer's in Study 3Health News:Many Can Blame Family for Their Bunions 2Health News:Pharmaceutical advances offer new options for health outcomes 2[0] New study suggests candy consumption frequency not linked to obesity or heart disease[0] New Device May Show Doctors More of the Colon[0] Sleep Apnea in Seniors Tied to Alzheimer's in Study[0] Many Can Blame Family for Their Bunions[0] Pharmaceutical advances offer new options for health outcomes
(Date:5/17/2013)... Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and City ... formulation called Visikol TM that effectively clears organisms ... in place of chloral hydrate, which is one of ... is tightly regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ... solutions, or clearing agents, are vital for viewing organisms ...
(Date:5/17/2013)... antelope can live at elevations of 4,000-5,000m on ... in Nature Communications , investigators from Qinghai ... some genetic factors may be associated with the ... in this work will also provide implications for ... other ruminant species. , The Tibetan antelope ( ...
(Date:5/17/2013)... The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology ... Institutes of Health (NIH) funding trends highlighting the devastating ... critical research. The FASEB analysis follows a May 15th ... MD, PhD, who testified that the $1.6 billion cut ... is "having a substantial impact on the scientific community." ...
Breaking Biology News(10 mins):New formula invented for microscope viewing, substitutes for federally controlled drug 2New formula invented for microscope viewing, substitutes for federally controlled drug 3The genome sequence of Tibetan antelope sheds new light on high-altitude adaptation 2| Copyright © 2003-2012 Bio-Medicine. All rights reserved. ABOUT | CONTACT US | DISCLAIMER | PRIVACY POLICY | TERMS AND CONDITIONS |  |