Superoxide

Ketamine Impairs Brain by Releasing Superoxide

Researchers claim finding could lead to new treatments for schizophrenia THURSDAY, Dec. 6 (HealthDay News) -- Researchers say they have figured out how the drug ketamine impairs the brain, a finding they claim could lead to new treatments for schizophrenia. The anesthetic/antidepressant trigg...

Finding Raises Hope for Treating ALS

... often referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease, after the renowned ballplayer who died of ALS. The Florida researchers examined the gene that produces superoxide dismutase 1, or SOD1, an enzyme that fights off free radicals -- molecules that damage the body's cells. People with the inherited version of ALS have...

Study Links Internal Source of Aging and Skin Damage

...is an internal source of aging, generates damaging superoxide free radicals at a rate that accelerates as we age... be created by a number of sources, including from superoxide free radicals. Previous studies (Kern, 2008(i); Morre 2003(ii)) show superoxide free radicals are generated by arNOX. Author...

Gene associated with reduced mortality from acute lung injury

...eatment individual patients with respiratory infections and ALI to minimize the potential harm." The researchers looked at the gene for extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), a powerful antioxidant that has been associated with reduced lung injury in animal models, and better patient outcomes in chronic ...

A potential drug for ischemia/reperfusion related liver injury

...ferase activities were higher in the I/R group than in the I-R/Resveratrol group. Malondialdehyde levels and the hepatic injury score decreased, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased in group 4 compared to group 3. In group 4, histopathological changes were significan...

Late-breaking data to be presented at the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting

...uction of nitric oxide, plays a key protective role in the cardiovascular system. In patients with sickle cell disease, inflammation and production of superoxide (a highly reactive form of oxygen) in blood vessels may decrease levels of tetrahydrobiopterin, creating a deficiency. Restoring tetrahydrobiopterin l...

Research hightlights, AAO-SOE Joint Meeting, Nov. 9 sessions

... in an age-matched control group. Oxidative stress occurs in the body when there is an imbalance between cells' production of reactive oxygen (such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and cells' ability to detoxify byproducts of reactive oxygen, such as free radicals, which can damage protein, DNA and other ce...

AAO-SOE Joint Meeting research highlights

... in an age-matched control group. Oxidative stress occurs in the body when there is an imbalance between cells' production of reactive oxygen (such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and cells' ability to detoxify byproducts of reactive oxygen, such as free radicals, which can damage protein, DNA and other ce...

Can rectal vitamin E induce remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis?

...oxidant activities which protects membrane lipids from peroxidation by scavenging not only chain carrying peroxyl radicals but also singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals. This is especially interesting in case of UC, considering the pivotal role of oxygen free radicals in the genesis of mucosal damage. G...

Scientists ID 'Jekyll-Hyde' Protein in Lou Gehrig's Disease

... Gene mutations cause superoxide dismutase to clump up in motor neurons ... that mutations in the gene that makes the protein superoxide dismutase caused familial ALS, but just how these ...ers found that fALS is caused by two properties of superoxide dismutase that create toxic levels of the protein ...

Superoxide in Medical Technology

ActivBiotics Receives Orphan Drug Designation from the European Medicines Agency for Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic, M40403, in Oral Mucositis Indication

WELLESLEY HILLS, Mass., Feb. 5 /PRNewswire/ -- Joseph F. Finn, Jr., CPA, the Assignee for the Benefit of Creditors of ActivBiotics, announced today that The Committee for Orphan Drug Products of the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) has granted Orphan Drug Designation for M40403 for the prevent...

Late-Breaking Data Highlighting Research Advances in Several Blood Disorders to Be Presented At the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting

...uction of nitric oxide, plays a key protective role in the cardiovascular system. In patients with sickle cell disease, inflammation and production of superoxide (a highly reactive form of oxygen) in blood vessels may decrease levels of tetrahydrobiopterin, creating a deficiency. Restoring tetrahydrobiopterin l...

Boston University Biomedical Engineers Find Chink in Bacteria's Armor

...s excessive free radical production." Free radicals - such as hydroxyl or superoxide radicals - are molecules that carry a free, or unpaired, electron like a we.... They began to deduce the details of the new pathway. Cells produce free superoxide radicals naturally in oxygen-rich environments, but when they unnecessarily...

Superoxide in Medical Definition

Proteopathy

... Microtubule-associated protein tau Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) (Ubi+, Tau-) TDP-43 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) superoxide dismutase, TDP-43 Huntington's disease and other triplet repeat disorders (multiple) Proteins with tandem glutamine expansions Familial ...

Superoxide in Medical Dictionary

Vesicles

... are small (40–100 nm) membrane vesicles of endocytic origins shed by multiple ... Phagocytic vesicles from rabbit lung macrophages produced superoxide in the ... The activity of the phagocytic vesicles was trypsin sensitive. ... Information about Vesicles in the free online English dictionary...

Superoxide in Biological News

Toxic molecule may help birds 'see' north and south

... Institute for Advanced Studies, did not know that superoxide was toxic, seeing it instead as an ideal reaction ...ed oxygen molecule." When Solov'yov showed that superoxide would work well as a reaction partner, Schulten wa...sive. "But then I realized that the toxicity of superoxide was actually crucial to its role," he said. The bo...

UMMS researchers isolate first 'neuroprotective' gene in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

...respiratory failure. In 1993, a team of researchers led by Dr. Brown discovered the first gene linked to familial ALS, a protein anti-oxidant known as superoxide dismutase, or SOD1. Earlier this year, Dr. Brown and his colleagues discovered a mutation in the FUS/TLS gene which is estimated to account for 5 per...

New study overturns orthodoxy on how macrophages kill bacteria

...a and animal cells contain special enzymes, called superoxide dismutases, which neutralize an important ROS, cal...hese lethal compounds, dumping large quantities of superoxide onto engulfed bacteria to kill them. Although m...h and graduate student Maureen Craig looked at the superoxide dismutases that are part of the bacterial defense ...

Changes in gene may stunt lung development in children

... professor of medicine at the Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, focused on a gene called superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), previously shown to protect the lungs from the effects of asbestos and oxidative stress. "People lose lung function as they a...

HIV-1 protease inhibitor induced oxidative stress in pancreatic B-cells: thymoquinone protection

...ts on insulin secretion mediated through the oxidative stress pathway. They report a significant decrease in the levels of the antioxidants, cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and glutathione, whereas mitochondrial SOD levels remained unaffected in pancreatic beta-cells (INS-1 cells) exposed to nelfinav...

Forget the antioxidants? McGill researchers cast doubt on role of free radicals in aging

...Van Raamsdonk studied mutant Caenorhabditis elegans worms. They progressively disabled five genes responsible for producing a group of proteins called superoxide dismutases (SODs), which detoxify one of the main ROS. Earlier studies seemed to show that decreased SOD production shortened an organism's lifespan, ...

Researchers create new class of fluorescent dyes to detect reactive oxygen species in vivo

...y diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis. "We've shown that the hydrocyanines we developed are able to detect the reactive oxygen species, superoxide and the hydroxide radical, in living cells, tissue samples, and for the first time, in vivo," said Niren Murthy, assistant professor in the Wallace H....

Cancer-causing gut bacteria exposed

...amage DNA, like E. faecalis," said Professor Mark Huycke from the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Olklahoma City, USA. "We found that superoxide from E. faecalis led to strong signalling in immune cells called macrophages. It also altered the way some cells in the gut grew and divided and even ...

Biodegradable polymers show promise for improving treatment of acute inflammatory diseases

...ailure a condition when the liver stops functioning because macrophages in the liver create reactive oxygen species. One treatment is the delivery of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that detoxifies superoxide. Incorporating the enzyme inside a polyketal poly(cyclohexane-1,4-diyl acetone dimethylene ketal) al...

The Parkinson's Disease Foundation awards $950,000 in seed grants

...he hypothesis that oxidative stress causes PD. He proposes that laboratory mice that are deficient in certain protective antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, in combination with mutations in the genes DJ-1 and Parkin (linked to familial PD), will experience progressive loss of dopamine neurons an...

Superoxide in Biological Technology

ActivBiotics Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation for Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic, M40403, in Oral Mucositis of Cancer

WELLESLEY HILLS, Mass., March 6 /PRNewswire/ -- Joseph F. Finn, Jr., CPA, the Assignee for the Benefit of Creditors of ActivBiotics, announced today that the Office of Orphan Products Development of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Orphan Drug Designation for M40403 for the p...

Luminol-enhanced Assay for Superoxide Anion (O2 face="Symbol" )

Non-cytotoxic chemiluminescent enhancer for increased sensitivity Luminol-enhanced Assay for Superoxide Anion (O 2 ) Danny Q. Hoang Stratagene Lorraine C. Pfefferkorn Dartmouth School of Medicine, Dept. of Microbiology, Hanover, NH Stra...

Bell Ventures Launches Breakthrough Radical Defense Skin Care Ingredient

... GlobalPAX(TM) delivers." GlobalPAX(TM) provides powerful broad-spectrum defense against hydroxyl, peroxyl, peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion. Each of these radicals is implicated in skin damage. The premium anti-aging skin care market is hungry for novel, high-performance natu...

New uses for imidazolium salts in medicine and alternative energy

...y an unhealthy lifestyle, such as excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to toxins and drugs, smoking and lack of sleep, may lead the body to produce superoxide radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) that could cause cell damage through oxidation. Oxidative stress from ROS is implicated in most di...

Nu Skin Scientists Correlate the Appearance of Aging With arNOX Free Radical Generator

...ergy. arNOX has been identified in all cells tested, including serum and saliva and the dermis and epidermis. Its unique property is that it generates superoxide at the cell surface that is capable of damaging adjacent cells, lipoproteins, and other structural components of the skin's extracellular matrix, such...

ActivBiotics' Intellectual Property Assets, Including Drug Product Candidates, Sold for $3.5 Million

...sets for $3.5 million. The assets consisted of 1) Rifalazil, a Phase II antibiotic, 2) a library of novel rifamycin compounds, and 3) a clinical stage superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm) and a library of SODm small molecules. Mr. Finn praised the team of ActivBiotics executives who worked closely with him aft...

ActivBiotics Sells Proprietary Assets, Including Drug Product Candidates

...uted subject to a potential purchaser entering into a standard form confidentiality agreement. The Company assets available for sale include: 1. A superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic program consisting of two clinical-stage drug candidates, M40403 and M40419, and a library of 250 small molecules which have p...

Superoxide in Biological Definition

Down syndrome

...n over- expression of genes located on chromosome 21. One of these is the superoxide dismutase gene. Some (but not all) studies have shown that the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme ( SOD ) is elevated in Down syndrome. SOD converts oxygen...

Enzyme

... those enzymes which can break down RNA into the component nucleotides superoxide dismutase : transforms superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide Trypsin : digests proteins Tyr...

Oxidative phosphorylation

.... Reactive oxygen species Several highly reactive, transient oxygen derivatives can be formed during this process: Hydrogen peroxide superoxide anion Hydroxyl radical ...

Superoxide in Biological Dictionary

Thylakoids

...The specialized membrane structures in which photosynthesis takes place. ... Collections of thylakoids form the grana. PICTURE ... discovery of superoxide dismutase in thylakoids (As ... of the thylakoids , as plastocyanin is diffusing in the ... tion of LHC II was measured in isolated thylakoids . ....

NADPH

...ons from NADPH in the cytoplasm across the wall of the phagocytic vacuole ... NADPH oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of superoxide from oxygen ... NADPH Oxidase. Grant Support: AI-24227/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ... NADPH is the reduced form the of the molecule (ha...