Polymerases

Biologist finds plant polymerases IV and V are really variants of Polymerase II

It's a little like finding out that Superman is actually Clark Kent. A team of biologists at Washington University in St. Louis has discovered that two vital cellular components, nuclear RNA Polymerases IV and V (Pol IV and V), found only in plants, are actually specialized forms ...

New Report Just Published: World Hepatitis C Virus And Therapeutics Market Report

... Boceprevir II-7 Telaprevir and Boceprevir - A Comparison II-8 Polymerase Inhibitors (PLIs) - Adding More Teeth to HCV Pipeline II-8 Viral polymerases II-8 Polymerase Inhibitor Drugs in Pipeline by Company, Category, and Development Stage II-9 Comparison of Antiviral Properties in Select ...

Little Known DNA Repair Enzyme May Be A Tumor Suppressor Gene

...s to be the only one of a group of specialized DNA polymerases that is critical for development in animals," says... existence of several so-called lesion-replicating polymerases that can overcome these replication "stop signs" a...st tube, DNA with lesions that stop most other DNA polymerases in their tracks. Research has shown that inactivat...

Polymerases in Medical Technology

Idenix Pharmaceuticals Advances HCV Discovery Program to Clinic

...C50 >100 micrometers), resulting in a selectivity index >33,000 for IDX375. In preclinical in vitro studies, IDX375 did not inhibit human cellular DNA polymerases alpha, beta and gamma (IC50 >100 micrometers), demonstrating selectivity for the HCV 1a and 1b polymerases. After oral administration in monkeys, bioa...

Anadys Pharmaceuticals Initiates Phase I Clinical Trial of ANA598

...mportant clinical milestones in both programs." About ANA598 ANA598 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of HCV genotypes 1a and 1b NS5b RNA polymerases (IC50 < 1 nM) and of HCV replication in cell culture (EC50 values for genotypes 1b and 1a replicons are 3 and 50 nM, respectively). ANA598 has been we...

ANA380 Exhibits Activity In Vitro Against Multiple Clinically Relevant Hepatitis B Virus Mutants

... Study Methods HBV mutant strains were generated from a wild-type strain of HBV genotype D through site-directed mutagenesis. Mutant strains encoded polymerases resistant to lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir or telbivudine. Replicate HepG2 cell cultures were infected with HBV DNA using baculovirus vectors and we...

NIEHS Researchers Identify Enzyme Critical in DNA Replication

...cate that the human genome encodes at least 15 DNA polymerases that can copy DNA. Several of these are thought to...x, it had remained unclear which of these many DNA polymerases in higher organisms is actually responsible for fi...d polymerase and the roles of more specialized DNA polymerases in copying damaged DNA. According to Pursell, a ...

Polymerases in Biological News

Bacteria are models of efficiency

...output of the ribosomes; the third the production of RNA polymerase. The last two equations deal with how the cell assigns the available ribosomes and polymerases to the various tasks of creating other proteins, more ribosomes or more polymerases. The theoretical model was tested in real bacteria. Do bacteri...

Properties of unusual virus revealed in research

...cterial host's RNA polymerase." The team says that the N4 phage that they are studying is the only phage that they know of that injects its own RNA polymerases into bacterial cells. "We are particularly interested in finding out why N4 injects its own RNA polymerase into bacterial cells and how the N4 RNA po...

Researchers study virus with unusual properties

...cterial host's RNA polymerase." The team says that the N4 phage that they are studying is the only phage that they know of that injects its own RNA polymerases into bacterial cells. "We are particularly interested in finding out why N4 injects its own RNA polymerase into bacterial cells and how the N4 RNA po...

New gene-silencing pathway found in plants

...n investigating the role of two plant-specific RNA polymerases since playing a leading role in their discovery in..., Pikaard and his colleagues explain how these RNA polymerases work together to use the non-coding region of DNA ...ential RNA polymerases: Pol I, II, and III. These polymerases are indispensable for expressing biological traits...

American Chemical Society's Weekly PressPac -- Sept. 3, 2008

...se in preliminary lab studies, could lead to improved nucleoside analogues with fewer side effects, he says. ARTICLE #2 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE "DNA polymerases as Therapeutic Targets" DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi801179f CONTACT: Anthony J. Berdis, Ph.D. Case Western Res...

Enzyme alerts cell's powerful army to repair DNA damage

...Environmental Health Sciences at the U-M School of Public Health. A commentary in the journal praised the U-M study and urged more attention to RNA polymerases as major sensors for all DNA damage response reactions. Ljungman says the findings have implications for the study of cancer, aging and neurologic...

Protein averts cell suicide but might contribute to cancer

...ting, but it is very error prone, which suggests that it may also play a role in cancer." Dpo4 is one of a family of enzymes called Y-family DNA polymerases that were first discovered about 10 years ago and are only now becoming understood. "These enzymes provide a survival mechanism for cells," says...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

...ridized with the DNA in the center of the “transcription bubble.?The enzyme polymerases involved are capable of moving both forward and backward on the DNA. Forwar...f a second. “The basis for the extraordinary specificity with which RNA polymerases transcribe DNA lies in a structural element termed the trigger loop, which ...

DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome

...equence acquisition of DNA from superheated thermal aquifers and other unique sources has resulted in the discovery of a new class of thermostable DNA polymerases and unique thermostable cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes. Without the DOE JGI these valuable molecules would not have made it into the marketplace....

Unusual mechanism keeps repair protein accurate

...enes uses an unusual mechanism to keep its repairs accurate. The protein, called DNA polymerase lambda, is one of a group of proteins known as DNA polymerases that are vital for accurately making and repairing DNA. But while other DNA-repair proteins insure their accuracy with the help of so-called proo...

Polymerases in Biological Technology

PCR Polymerases Application Profiles

Taq DNA polymerase is still the most commonly used thermostable polymerase for PCR today. However, Taq polymerase has serious limitations like the lack of an error-correcting activity and can only ...

The birth of biotech: San Francisco, Boston, Geneva or Chicago?

...ombinant insulin is first produced. 1979: Human growth hormone is first synthesized. Also in the 1970s: RNA splicing, gene targeting, discovery of polymerases and of course the first commercial companies to develop genetically engineered products. During 1980, biotech began to take off when two events took...

A simple method to sequence from bacterial colonies using [a-33P] radiolabeled ddNTPs and Thermo Sequenase

...hese two labeling methods are highly dependent on template quality. DNA containing nicks, breaks, impurities or high secondary structure can cause DNA polymerases to dissociate from the primertemplate complex before specific ddNTP incorporation occurs. This non-specific termination produces bands across all four...

Whole Gel Eluter Purification of a Functional Multiprotein DNA Replication Complex, Rev A

...A synthesome, the electro-elution fractions were assayed for DNA polymerases α and and in vitro SV40 DNA replication activities. The re...e 3, panels AC. It was observed that the major peaks for the DNA polymerases α and and in vitro replication activities were all in elec...

RNA Interference and Gene Silencing: History and Overview

...Several of these, including Neurospora qde-1 , Arabidopsis SDE-1/SGS-2 and C. elegans ego-1 , appear to encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs). At first glance, it might be assumed that this is proof that an RdRP activity is required for RNAi. Certainly the existence...

Amino Allyl Labeling for Array Analysis

...g can be problematic for a number of reasons. Cy-labeled dNTPs/NTPs are not incorporated by reverse transcriptase or RNA polymerases with the same efficiency as unlabeled NTPs, leading to variable incorporation efficiency of different dyes (e.g. Cy3-NTP...

Combine High Yield, Great Accuracy and the Prevention of Carry-over Contamination by Using the Novel Expand High FidelityPLUS PCR System

... Roche Applied Science pioneered the blending of thermostable DNA polymerases and the associated buffer systems. The well-known Expand High Fidelity an...umber of targets. Various thermostable DNA polymerases as individual enzymes or blends offer good yield or accuracy. However...

RNase Protection Assay (RPA) Using DIG-Labeled RNA Probes

...on and quantitation of mRNA species. The assay was made possible by the discovery and characterization of bacteriophageencoded DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (SP6, T7, and T3). These enzymes possess several properties that make them well suited for the preparation of highly specific hybridization prob...

Roche Diagnostics Corporation

... Product Literature Center Articles PCR polymerases Application Profiles Gene Expression Arrays: Highly Sensitive Detection of Expression Patterns with Improved T...

Challenge the Performance of Your Hot-Start PCRs with FastStart Taq DNA Polymerase and the Novel FastStart High Fidelity PCR System

...ost challenging PCRs are no longer a problem. In applications where other polymerases stop working, FastStart Taq DNA Polymerase gives effective results (Fig...ossible specificity, sensitivity, and yield (Figure 4). proofreading polymerases or chemical modifications thereof fail to amplify fragments up to 5 kb. ...

Polymerases in Biological Products

BL21 Star (DE3) One Shot Chemically Competent E. coli from Invitrogen

Description:...mproved protein yield in T7 promoter-based expression systems (Figure 1). Because the T7 RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA more rapidly than E. coli RNA polymerases transcription from the T7 p...
Company:Invitrogen

Blunt-ended PCR Cloning Kit / pMOSBlue Competent Cells from GE Healthcare, formerly Amersham Biosciences

Description:...s by offering consistently better signal-to-noise ratios and as many as 25-fold more positive clones.Amplicons generated by proof-reading thermostable polymerases are fully compatible.High efficiency cloning, no requirement for time-consuming restriction digests and blue/white screening.Linearized at the EcoRV s...
Company:GE Healthcare, formerly Amersham Biosciences

PCRX Enhancer System from Invitrogen

Description:... PCRx Enhancer System is used in conjunction with DNA polymerases to optimize PCR of problematic and/or GC-rich templates (1). 10X PCRX Enhancer Solution with 10X PCRX Amplification Buffer offers higher primer specif...
Company:Invitrogen

BioTherm Taq DNA Polymerase from eEnzyme LLC

Description:...kb) can be achieved with this enzyme. The enzyme has both 5'-3' polymerase- and 5'-3' exonuclease activities. One of the best performance standard Taq polymerases for routine DNA amplification. It can amplify genomic fragment up to 5 kb and plasmid DNA up to 10 kb....
Company:eEnzyme LLC

GC-RICH PCR System from Roche Applied Science

Description:...R System, a blend of Taq DNA Polymerase and a proofreading polymerase, powers through templates that are difficult or impossible to amplify with other polymerases and other blends of polymerases. The enhanced processivity of the blend and the unique GC-RICH Resolution Solution combine to deliver superior perform...
Company:Roche Applied Science

Expand High Fidelity ^PLUS PCR System; Thermostable DNA polymerase mixture from Roche Applied Science

Description:... Roche Applied Science, which pioneered the blending of thermostable DNA polymerases with the Expand High Fidelity and Expand Long Template PCR Systems, now introduces the Expand High FidelityPLUS PCR System the first product of a fam...
Company:Roche Applied Science

GCpro Taq DNA Polymerase Complete System from GenScript Corporation

Description:...lymerase provides a very robust synthesis of longer GC-rich amplification products. GCpro Taq DNA Polymerase has all the properties of regular Taq DNA polymerases for every standard PCR application. It is versatile, user-friendly and compatible with all PCR applications such as GC-rich and other complex template...
Company:GenScript Corporation

Thermostable dUTPase from GenScript Corporation

Description:...to PCR products causes mutations within the amplified product, proofreading polymerases to stall and slows down non-proofreading polymerases such as Taq. The dUTPase increase in PCR product yield, length and fidelit...
Company:GenScript Corporation

Polymerases in Biological Definition

Polymerase chain reaction

... the DNA sequence, since it lacks 3'->5' proofreading exonuclease activity. polymerases such as Pwo or Pfu, obtained from Archaea , have proofreading mecha... Random mutagenesis, on the other hand, is based on the use of error-prone polymerases in the PCR process. In the case of random mutagenesis, the location and nat...

Primer

...rimer is a nucleic acid strand (or related molecule) that serves as a starting point for DNA replication . A primer is required because most DNA polymerases ( enzymes that catalyze the replication of DNA ) cannot begin synthesizing a new DNA strand from scratch, but can only add to an existing strand of...

RNA virus

...ng replication. The basis for this classification is error-prone RNA replication: All RNA viruses have very high mutation rates because they lack DNA polymerases which can find and edit out mistakes. DNA viruses have considerably lower mutation rates. See also retroviruses . Although RNA usually mutates r...

Polymerases in Biological Dictionary

Transcription unit

...e therefore much lower ... Although proceeded transcription unit similarities are lower than protein ... Does each site contain many active polymerases engaged on one transcription unit ? Then, only several thousand transcription units can be active at any moment, and ... Online Shopping at ...

Primase

...A primase is a form of RNA polymerase and a product of the dnaG gene. ... Primase is of key importance in DNA replication because no known DNA polymerases ... Primase . ... In bacteria, primase binds to the DNA helicase forming a complex called the primosome. ... Primase is of key importance in...

Klenow Fragment

... England Biolabs. 1,000 units. 50,000 units/ml. Pricing Info ... ... DNA polymerases " Klenow Fragment " Klenow Fragment , Exonuclease Minus ... Enzymes " DNA polymerases " Klenow Fragment " Klenow Fragment , Exonuclease Minus ... Klen...

DNA replication

...ation is the same, mechanistically, as ... Link here for longer version of class notes: DNA Replication . Study Questions ... The other DNA polymerases that are within the cell are used in other ways ... DNA polymerase III is one certain polymerase, which aids in replication of what ... htt...

DNA polymerase

... A DNA polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand. DNA polymerases are best-known for their role in DNA replication, in which the polymerase "reads" an intact DNA strand... DNA polymerase lambda...

Blunt ends

...as signed a new law that puts an end to ... Blunt - end DNA fragments can be ligated into Promega's T-Vectors if they are ... Both of these DNA polymerases generate blunt - end fragments. ... <span>Wilmington City Council President Ted Blunt has suspended his campaign for lieutenant governor....

Blunt End

...hich both strands are of the same length. ... Blunt - end DNA fragments can be ligated into Promega's T-Vectors if they are ... Both of these DNA polymerases generate blunt - end fragments. ... Cloning Blunt - End Pfu DNA Polymerase-Generated PCR Fragments into pGEM®-T Vector ... Pfu DNA Polymerase-g...