Cortex

Human cerebellum and cortex age in very different ways

Researchers have found that the two primary areas of the human brain appear to age in radically different ways: The cortex used in higher-level thought undergoes more extensive changes with age than the cerebellum, which regulates basic processes such as heartbeat, breathing and balance. Their work, based on an analysis of gene expression in various areas of human and chimpanzee brains, also show...

A new window into structural plasticity in the adult visual cortex

Neuroscientists have known for decades that the adult brain can reorganize neural pathways in response to new experiences, for example, by changing the firing pattern and responses of neurons. But it has remained an open question whether structural changes accompany this functional plasticity. In a new study published in the open-access journal PLoS Biology, Wei-Chung Allen Lee and colleagues rep...

MIT researcher presents new view of how the cortex forms

A leading neuroscientist at MIT and one from the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) report in the Nov. 4 special issue of Science dedicated to the brain that the controversy is over: The "protomap" and "protocortex" theories of brain development are dead. The cerebral cortex is a sheet of around 10 billion neurons divided into distinctly separate areas that process particular...

Cortex matures faster in youth with highest IQ

Youth with superior IQ are distinguished by how fast the thinking part of their brains thickens and thins as they grow up, researchers at the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) have discovered. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed that their brain's outer mantle, or cortex, thickens more rapidly during childhood, reaching its peak lat...

Both alcoholism and chronic smoking can damage the brain's prefrontal cortex

University of Utah researchers will receive up to $10.3 million to help develop a new prosthetic arm that would work, feel and look like a real arm. The Utah work is a key part of a U.S. Department of Defense contract worth up to $55 million to develop the new device for soldiers and potentially others whose arms were amputated. "Imagine an artificial arm that moves naturally in response t...

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Quantitation of GAD67 Gene Expression in Prefrontal Cortex of Schizophrenia Patients Using the iCycler iQ Detection System and Molecular Beacons, Rev A

130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468 USA Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that afflicts about 1% of the population (Strange 1992). Patients experience a variety of symptoms that have been divided into subgroups...

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Scientists breaking theory of cortex formation

Researchers from MIT and University of California are finding out a new theory on the formation of brain cortex through a rich array of signals which connect other brain regions forming a new processing network//. The cerebral cortex is a sheet of around 10 billion neurons divided into distinctly separate areas that process particular aspects of sensation, movement and cognition. To wha...

Cortex Of Youth With Superior IQ Matures Fast

The thickening and thinning of the brain plays an important role in distinguishing the youth with highest IQ. // The researchers at the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans has found how the brain's outer layer, cortex, thickens, and will be at its peak, during the childhood stage, reflecting a high-level th...

Chronic Facial Pain Tackled By Cortex Stimulation

In Canada, a treatment developed at selected medical centers successfully treats patients suffering from severe chronic facial pain. // Motor cortex stimulation a new experimental treatments, can be now used to treat a consistent or intermittent pain rather than believing on the older traditional drugs or physical therapy. Electrodes, when placed over the skull help in relievi...

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Cortex Area Thinner in Youth with Alzheimers-Related Gene

BETHESDA, Md., April 23, 2007--A part of the brain firstaffected by Alzheimers disease (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/">http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/ )is thinner in youth with a risk gene for the disorder, a brainimaging study by researchers at the National Institute of MentalHealth (NIMH), one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), hasfound. A t...