Chromosome in Medical News

Male Sex Chromosome on Its Way Out: Study

But researchers believe a replacement will take over FRIDAY, July 17 (HealthDay News) -- Rapid evolution of the male sex chromosome could result in its disappearance within a few million years. But that won't mean the end of males, say U.S. scientists. Penn State researchers found t...

International Collaboration led by Dr. Pablo V. Gejman,Researcher At NorthShore University HealthSystem's Research Institute, Finds Genetic Association of Schizophrenia to Chromosome 6p Variant

The July 1, 2009 advance online edition of the journal Nature includes three companion papers describing the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is an elusive and severe psychiatric disorder that affects up to 70 million people worldwide. The causes o...

UCLA cancer researchers first to link intestinal inflammation with systemic chromosome damage

UCLA scientists have linked for the first time intestinal inflammation with systemic chromosome damage in mice, a finding that may lead to the early identification and treatment of human inflammatory disorders, some of which increase risk for several types of cancer. Researchers found that lo...

RevGenetics Releases Its New Science-Based Telomere Health Supplement Formulation for DNA and Chromosome Health

Astral Fruit, a new health supplements product, helps slow and repair some of the natural telomere DNA shortening that happens as we age MIAMI, May 18 /PRNewswire/ -- RevGenetics announces the update and release of its latest science-based telomere health supplements , Astral Fruit. To...

Molecule tracking reveals mechanism of chromosome separation in dividing cells

University of Washington (UW) researchers are helping to write the operating manual for the nano-scale machine that separates chromosomes before cell division. The apparatus is called a spindle because it looks like a tiny wool-spinner with thin strands of microtubules or spindle fibers sticking o...

CSHL scientists discover link between control of chromosome duplication and segregation

Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. Before a cell can divide into two, first it must duplicate its genetic material--the DNA packed in its chromosomes. The two new sets of chromosomes then have to be separated from one another and correctly distributed to the resulting "daughter" cells, so that both daughte...

Penn researchers identify first sex chromosome gene involved in meiosis and male infertility

A team of scientists led by University of Pennsylvania veterinary researchers have identified a gene, TEX11, located on the X chromosome, which when disrupted in mice renders the males sterile and reduces female fecundity. This is the first study of the genetic causes of infertility that links a ...

Missing Chromosome Improves Response to Brain Tumor Treatment

Findings show patients live average of 4 years longer than those without genetic abnormality TUESDAY, Feb. 19 (HealthDay News) -- The lack of a chromosome actually helps people with a rare, aggressive brain tumor respond better to a new treatment, new findings show. Gliomatosis cere...

Optherion Licenses Worldwide Rights to Develop Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diagnostics Based on Chromosome 10 Genetic Variations

License with University of Pittsburgh Brings Additional Key Gene Locus as a Development Opportunity for Recently-Funded Company NEW HAVEN, Conn., Oct. 23 /PRNewswire/ -- Optherion, Inc., a company developing products to treat and diagnose dry and wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (AM...

Selection of Best X Chromosome in Women

A University of Warwick physicist has uncovered how female cells are able to choose randomly between their two X chromosomes and why that choice is always lucky . Human males have both a X and a Y chromosome but females have two X chromosomes. This means that in an early stage in the developme...

Nicotine Dependence Gene Mapped to Chromosome 5

Genes that appear to increase the risk of nicotine dependence are likely to be found on several locations, including a region of chromosome 5//, according to a Yale School of Medicine study in Biological Psychiatry. “These data add to the growing evidence for specific locations for genes that...

Cell Survival Depends on Chromosome Integrity

Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered protein machinery important for cells to keep chromosomes intact. Without such proteins, their experiments show that //yeast cells experience broken chromosomes and DNA damage that in human cells are well known to lead to cancer. “Maintaining genome in...

Down syndrome simulated in animal model after successful chromosome transplantation

The field of genetics has been undergoing a revolution with increasing importance being given to genetic mechanisms underlying common disorders and a huge amount of resources allocated to research in specific genetic disorders. // This has not only added motivation to scientists working in th...

Occupational Exposure To Radiation Causes Chromosome Aberrations

Professor Manoor Prakash Hande and his colleagues from National University of Singapore studied the effect of plutonium exposure and risk of developing Chromosomal aberrations leading to cancer// in Plutonium plant workers. The study is mainly aimed at identifying biomarkers for easy detection an...

Y chromosome uses trick to repair its own genes

Scientists have discovered that the Y chromosome uses a neat trick to repair its most crucial genes, a strategy that apparently helps keep it from rotting away over evolutionary time. The Y chromosome, of course, is best known for supplying the biological signal that makes males rather than fem...

Indian Scientists Make Wide-Ranging Analysis And Annotation Of X Chromosome

Researchers at Institute of Bioinformatics (Bangalore) had made a study of the genomic sequence of human X chromosome// with its transcriptome and proteome sequences as well. The IOB analysis showed that the human X chromosome has a gene density less than other chromosomes with 43 novel prote...

TGen-led team is 1 of 7 selected for $1 million skin-cancer grants

...pleted the largest genetic study of melanoma families to date, comprising 174 families with three or more melanoma patients. This study identified two chromosome positions likely to harbor melanoma susceptibility genes, while a separate smaller study by a GenoMEL member group has identified a third. "We prop...

Janet Rowley, MD, A Researcher Funded by The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Receives Presidential Medal of Freedom

...y the groundwork for the development of targeted and individualized therapy for patients with cancer. In 1973, Dr. Rowley showed that the Philadelphia chromosome associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was an abnormal translocation of two chromosomes. Her discovery was a key step in the eventual disc...

Scientists discover key event in prostate cancer progression

...nvolved in a different, later, phase of cell division, triggering rapid cell growth. They further show that a modification of a chief component of the chromosome is responsible for this reprogramming. "Some late-phase prostate cancer does not require androgen hormones for tumor growth, but it does require an...

Scientists Reverse Muscular Dystrophy in Mice

... affecting adults. It is caused when a section of DNA is repeated on either chromosome 19 or chromosome 3, and results in muscles getting "locked" in the tensed state (myotonia) ...

New Map of Genomic Variation Will Enable Disease Research

...que CNVs were relatively small in size, but the third CNV was a deletion in chromosome 17 that encompassed 51 genes, including several that are active in early pr...t occur in the child's parents, strongly supporting the conclusion that the chromosome deletion arose spontaneously in the patient and that it caused the child's ...

Gene Connections Key to Brain Tumor Growth

... The hub gene is the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) oncogene on chromosome 7, according to the study. It is amplified in about 45 percent of glioblast... in parallel with a decrease in function in another gene, ANXA7, located on chromosome 10, the researchers reported. A decrease in the function of ANXA7 shoots th...

Human sperm created from embryonic stem cells

...mplete meiosis - cell division with halving of the chromosome set. These were shown to produce fully mature, spe... demonstrates to researchers that the genes on a Y chromosome are essential for meiosis and for sperm maturation...led IVD sperm - characterised by containing half a chromosome set (23 chromosomes). ...

Larger hospital units have lower miscarriage rates after invasive pregnancy tests

...stries" explains lead author Professor Ann Tabor from the Department of Fetal Medicine at the University. "This made it possible for us to compare the chromosome analysis reports lodged with the Danish Central Cytogenic Registry and cross-reference them to the deliveries, miscarriages and terminations in the Na...

The GenoMEL project identifies a new region of the genome associated with the risk of melanoma

...iated with skin pigmentation and sensitivity to sunlight; they had already been identified in previous studies as risk factors. The third region is on chromosome 9 and represents a new risk factor that needs to be studied in detail in future research. One of the strengths of this study is the fact that it wa...

Possible Gene Regions for Schizophrenia Located

...o found that schizophrenia patients have genetic variations on a section of chromosome 6 that contains numerous genes associated with immune response. That reg...tween people with schizophrenia and those without the disease were found on chromosome 6. The findings are presented in three papers published online July 1 in...

Reduced ovarian reserve associated with increased risk of trisomic pregnancy

...mic pregnancy than women with an ovarian reserve within the normal, fertile range. Trisomic pregnancies occur when the embryo has three copies of a chromosome rather than the normal two. The most common trisomy is Down's syndrome or trisomy 21. Most foetuses with other trisomies miscarry, but if they are bor...

Risk of cancer

...-base change in the human genome increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The focus in this study was on a common single-base variant occurring in chromosome 8, which in itself causes only a slightly increased risk of cancer. However, the risk allele is carried by 75% of people of European origin and by alm...

Discovery Points to Regulation of Calcium Metabolism

...g claudin 14 (CLDN14), a protein expressed in the kidney, according to a news release. The 60 percent of humans who carry two copies of this SNP on chromosome 21 have a 65 percent greater risk of developing kidney stones than those with no copies of the SNP. It's believed the SNP may account for more than a ...

Chromosome Abnormality Tied to Autistic Behavior in Mice

...AY, June 26 (HealthDay News) -- Mice with an extra chromosome region inherited from their fathers display many b...with autism, a finding that suggests that the same chromosome abnormality in humans is one cause of autism, acco...omosomal region in mice is the equivalent of human chromosome 15q11-13, which is duplicated in about 5 percent o...

Cancer Researchers Link DICER1 Gene Mutation to Rare Childhood Cancer

...ls; some suggest that the pattern of microRNAs in cancers resembles an embryonic stage. "When we realized that DICER1 was in the segment of chromosome that was shared among children with PPB we were very excited," said D. Ashley Hill, MD , lead author and chief of Pathology at Children's Nati...

Study pinpoints novel cancer gene and biomarker

...ls. The study began with an observation made years ago that a section of chromosome 5p13 is often duplicated, or amplified, in cancers of the lung, ovary, brea...cancer led Chin and her associates to take a closer look at that stretch of chromosome to see what genes reside there. Using a method called genomic qPCR that ...

BioInformatics, LLC New Report - Exploring the Epigenetics Market: Opportunities for Product Placement and Innovations

...oduct Placement and Innovations. Designed to provide guidance for life science suppliers selling products that support epigenetic research involving chromosome immunoprecipitation (chIP), this report will help suppliers optimize product offerings and strengthen market position. For this report, BioInformatics...

Gene findings revealing reasons for neuroblastoma risk

...tretch of DNAalong a structurally weak location on chromosome 1 plays an important role in the development of ne...iladelphia, found that an inherited CNV located at chromosome 1q21.1 is associated with neuroblastoma. The chromosome region contains a large family of genes that are i...

17 of America's Most Promising Scientists Selected as 2009 Pew Scholars in the Biomedical Sciences

... stem cells Jenn i fer G . D eL u c a, Ph. D . C olora d o St a te U n iv e r s i t y Mechanisms of mitotic chromosome segregation P a tr i ck J. Pad d iso n , Ph. D . Fred Hu t ch i nson Ca n cer R esea r ch Ce n ter Stem ce...

USC researchers identify DNA mutation that occurs at beginning point of T-cell lymphoma

...ified a specific enzyme known as the RAG complex that occasionally cuts the chromosome at an off-target site, causing lymphocyte (blood) cells to proliferate unco...ex selects the wrong target largely because the proteins in which the wrong chromosome is wrapped (called chromatin) lures the RAG complex to the wrong site. ...

A breakthrough in gastric carcinogenesis

...ene whose promoter is frequently methylated in various kinds of cancer. In gastric cancer, CHFR promoter hypermethylation has been reported to lead to chromosome instability (CIN) and genetic instability is one of the hallmarks of human cancer. A research team led by Dr Eiji Oki from Kyushu University examin...

Wistar Institute team finds key target of aging regulator

...A within the nucleus and also are central regulators in turning genes on and off. The study reveals that removal of this acetyl group by Sir2 near the chromosome endsthe telomeresis important for yeast cells to maintain the ability to replicate. Researchers found that Sir2 levels decline as cells age, and there...

Study IDs benefit of donor SCT for adults with acute myeloid leukemia

...nt offered to patients has largely been based on a chromosome analysis of their AML cells. For AML with "good-risk" chromosome changes, additional chemotherapy or an autologous ... relapse. While the findings support the use of chromosome analysis -- the classification of AML cases as eit...

Donor Stem-Cell Transplant Best For Acute Myeloid Leukemia

... the Journal of the American Medical Association . Currently, treatment decisions are often based on risk of relapse, a determination made through chromosome analysis, called cytogenetic analysis. Depending on the results, patients are put into good-, intermediate- and poor-risk groups for the likelihood of...