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Counting Non-Aqueous Samples in the TopCount Microplate Scintillation and Luminescence Counter

The microplate format has become a standard for many biological assays such as high throughput screening for drug discovery and radioimmunoassays. Productivity with these high volume procedures has been limited by the amount of sample handling required and low sample counting throughput. Now, however, microplate assays can be efficiently count...

Measurement of proteasome inhibition in live cells in Molecular Devices microplate fluorometers

Proteins inside eukaryotic cells exist in a dynamic state, in a highly-regulated balance between synthesis and degradation. Whereas prot...

Fluorometric Protease Assays in the SpectraMax Gemini Microplate Spectrofluorometer: Example Using Caspase3 (MaxLine Application Note #35)

Evelyn McGown, Ph.D. and Anna Lam, B.S. Molecular Devices Corporation, 8/99 Modern assays for proteolytic activity typically use synthetic chromogenic or flu-orogenic peptide substrates. Enzyme selectivity is obtained by choosing a peptide sequence uniquely recognized by the catalytic site of a particular enzy...

LIVE/DEAD Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay for Animal Cells Using the SpectraMax Gemini XS Fluorescence Microplate Reader (MaxLine Application Note #43)

Anne T. Ferguson, Ph.D. Molecular Devices Corporation This application note describes the use of the SPECTRAmax Viability/Cytoxicity Assay Kit for animal cells. This assay uses two fluorescent dyes, calcein AM (cal...

Using the NanoOrange protein kit in the Gemini XS, Gemini EM and SpectraMax M2 microplate readers (MaxLine Application Note #22)

By Yan Zhang, Molecular Devices Corporation, 1311 Orleans Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94089. This application note describes how to use the NanoOrange Pro software from Mo...

Using the OligoGreen Oligonucleotide Quantitation Reagent in the Gemini XS, Gemini EM and SpectraMax M2 Microplate Readers (MaxLine Application Note #21)

By Yan Zhang., Molecular Devices Corporation, 1311 Orleans Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94089. This application note describes how to use the OliGreen Pro software from...

PathCheck Applied to Measurement of Protein Solutions in the SpectraMax Plus Microplate Spectrophotometer (MaxLine Application Note #26)

Protein concentration is commonly estimated by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm and calculating the concentration using the extinction coefficient of the protein. The procedure is feasible because extinction coefficients are typically obtained using standard cuvettes with a fixed 1 cm pathlength. Extinction-based protein assays can also...

Microdetermination of Phosphorus Using the SpectraMax Plus Microplate Spectrophotometer: Choice of Microplate, Cuvette, or Test Tube Assay Formats (MaxLine Application Note #24)

Most spectrophotometric methods for inorganic phosphorus (Pi) analysis are based on the color formed upon the reduction of a phosphomolybdate complex. The classic (and still widely-used) method is that of Fiske and Subbarow , in which the reduction is carried out with sulfite and aminonaphtholsulfonic acid. Over the years, modi...

UV Absorbance Measurements in SpectraMax Microplate Spectrophotometers MaxLine Application Note #32)

Molecular Devices Corporation. 7/99 In 1994, Molecular Devices introduced SPECTRAmax , the first microplate reader equipped with a monochromator, rather than bandpass filters, for wavelength selection. It was also the first microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance below 340 nm. These new features transformed the micropl...

Ca++-Induced G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Activation Monitored via Aequorin Luminescence in the LMax Microplate Luminometer (MaxLine Application Note #42)

Jinfang Liao, M.D., Ph.D. and Evelyn McGown, Ph.D. Molecular Devices Corporation, 8/00 The photoprotein aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the coelentratejellyfish Aequorea victorea, has proven to be highly sensitive to the trace amount of Ca in cells. The aequorin complex which contains the...

ATP Quantitation in the LMax Microplate Luminometer (MaxLine Application Note #40)

Evelyn McGown, Ph.D. and Michael Su, M.S. Molecular Devices Corporation, 8/00 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present in all living cells. Because the level isstrictly-controlled, assay of ATP can be used as a indicator of viable cell number.ATP measurements are used to monitor raw materials and manufacturing...

DNA Quantitation in the LMax Microplate Luminometer (MaxLine Application Note #37)

Evelyn McGown, Ph.D. and Michael Su, M.S. Molecular Devices Corporation, 8/00 DNA measurements are important for many aspects of molecular biology. Of thespectrophotometric methods available, UV absorbance measurement at 260 nm isthe simplest and has recently gained widespread popularity in the microplateforma...

High Sensitivity, Wide Dynamic Range, Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) ELISA Using the LMax Microplate Luminometer (MaxLine Application Note #41)

Evelyn McGown, Ph.D. and Michael Su, M.S. Molecular Devices Corporation, 8/00 Immunoassays have traditionally employed colorimetric indicators. As such, multiple dilutions of samples were necessary to ensure that they fell within the dynamic range of the assay. Recently, chemiluminescent immunoassays, with gre...

Dual-Luciferase Quantitation in the LMax Microplate Luminometer (MaxLine Application Note #39)

Evelyn McGown, Ph.D. and Michael Su, M.S. Molecular Devices Corporation, 8/00 Reporter gene assays are used to study eukaryotic gene expression. Dual geneticreporters are commonly used in transient transfections of cultured cells tominimize experimental variability caused by differences in cell number, viabili...

Luciferase Reporter Gene Cells and Recombinant Luciferase Dilutions Studied with the CLIPR Luciferase Assay Kit and the LMax Microplate Luminometer (MaxLine Application Note #38)

Evelyn McGown, Ph.D. , Michael Su, M.S. and Jin Liao, M.D., Ph.D. Molecular Devices Corporation, 8/00 Luciferase from the North American firefly (Photinus pyralis) is very popular foruse in Reporter Gene Assays. The enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent oxidationof luciferin with the concomitant release of light...

measuring cell proliferation with SpectraMax M5, M2 and Gemini microplate readers using the CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay

Cathy Olsen, Ph.D., Molecular Devices Corporation, 1311 Orleans Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94089....

Transformation of Filamentous Fungi by Microprojectile Bombardment

Roland W. Herzog, Molecular Genetics Program, Department ofBotany and Microbiology, 101 Life Sciences Building, AuburnUniversity, AL 36849-5407, USA The vast majority of transformation protocols for filamentous fungi are based on permeabilizing cell membranes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or...

Benchmark Plus Microplate Reader Scan Well Feature

Theresa Redila-Flores and Li Tian, PhD, Bio-Rad Laboratories, 2000 AlfredNobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547 USA The Benchmark Plus microplate reader is a new monochromator- based absorbance reader from Bio-Rad that offers superior convenience, accuracy, and flexibility. The Benchmark Plus is controlled by Microplate Manager...

Cell Proliferation Assay Using the Benchmark Plus Microplate Spectrophotometer

William C Heiser, PhD and Ma Theresa Redila-Flores, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc . , Hercules, CA 94547 USA An accurate and rapid assessment of viable cell number and proliferation is often required for in vitro and in vivo experiments. These assessments are necessary and useful for analysi...

Benchmark Plus Microplate Reader: Quantitation of Protein Concentration Using Two Different Colorimetric Assay Kits, Rev A

Theresa Redila-Flores, Bio-Rad Laboratories, 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive,Hercules, CA 94547 USA The Bradford and Lowry assays are 2 colorimetric assays that are commonly used to quantitate protein concentration. Bio-Rads protein assay (catalog #500-0001), based on the Bradford dye-binding assay (Bradford 1976), measures t...

Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) for the Analysis of Macrophage Gene Expression from Atherosclerotic Lesions

Macrophage foam cells are integral in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, however gene expression studies are complicated by the cellular heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaque. This application note describes a protocol for LCM of cells identified immunohistochemi...

Counting Cytostar-T scintillating microplates on the MicroBeta JET

JET is a multi-detector...

Cerenkov Counting Performance on the TopCountTM Microplate Scintillation and Luminescence Counter

P by Cerenkov counting, a well-known measurement technique that has the...

Food science: increasing crop yields

Protein-containing plants are staples in the diets of all countries. The ability to produce enough crops is essential to the well-being of all citizens, for people have to have enough to eat before they can advance to higher endeavors. <P>Uncontrollable changes in weather such as the amount of rainfall, the occurrence of fro...

Clinton says world needs biofuels, GM crops, and more answers

He called on the industry to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, guard against pandemics, create crops that can feed more of the world's hungry, tap sources of renewable energy such as ethanol, and confront glob...

Biotech crops gaining acceptance, but their full promise has yet to be fulfilled

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Despite confinement, crop genes can spread fast to wild

MADISON - With the slim chance that farmers will stop planting crops containing genes from other organisms, researchers have started to develop strategies that trap these foreign genes, reducing the risk that they'll spread to wild relatives. But an investigation by scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University of Minnesota-St. Paul shows that these containment s...