dose in Biological News

A low dose of caffeine when pregnant may damage the heart of offspring for a lifetime

A new study published online in The FASEB Journal shows that the equivalent of one dose of caffeine (just two cups of coffee) ingested during pregnancy may be enough to affect fetal heart development and then reduce heart function over the entire lifespan of the child. In addition, the researche...

Fractional dose of scarce meningitis vaccine may be effective in outbreak control

One fifth of the standard dose of a commonly used meningitis vaccine may be as effective as using the full dose. This new finding should allow scarce vaccine resources to be stretched further, especially during epidemics in Africa. In a study initiated by the Norwegian Institute of Public Healt...

Optimal dose of vitamin E maximizes benefits, minimizes risk

Corvallis, Oregon October 29, 2008 -- Vitamin E has been heralded for its ability to reduce the risk of blood clots, heart attack, and sudden death. Yet in some people, vitamin E causes bleeding. Scientists have known for more than 50 years that excess vitamin E promotes bleeding by interfering w...

Gene dose affects tumor growth

Researchers at Johns Hopkins and Ohio State University have found that the number of copies of a particular gene can affect the severity of colon cancer in a mouse model. Publishing in the Jan. 3 issue of Nature, the research team describes how trisomy 21, or Down syndrome in humans, can repress t...

Dartmouth researchers show effects of low dose arsenic on development

HANOVER, NH -- A team of Dartmouth Medical School (DMS) researchers has determined that low doses of arsenic disrupt the activity of a hormone critical in development. The finding is further evidence that arsenic at low doses (at levels found in U.S. drinking water in some areas) can be harmful...

Bug-Zapper: A dose of radiation may help knock out malaria

How are physicists helping an effort to eradicate malaria, the mosquito-borne disease that kills more than one million people every year" Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) used their expertise in radiation science to help a young company create weakened, harm...

Genetics determine optimal drug dose of common anticoagulant

(WASHINGTON, August 21, 2007) Genetic testing can be used to help personalize the therapeutic dosage of warfarin, a commonly-used anticoagulant, according to research published in the September 1, 2007, issue of Blood , the journal of the American Society of Hematology. This result represents on...

Needle-size device created to track tumors, radiation dose

WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Engineers at Purdue University are creating a wireless device designed to be injected into tumors to tell doctors the precise dose of radiation received and locate the exact position of tumors during treatment. The information would help to more effectively kill tumors, s...

Chemical in red wine, fruits and vegetables stops cancer, heart disease, depending on the dose

The next cancer drug might come straight from the grocery store, according to new research published in the November 2007 issue of The FASEB Journal. In the study, French scientists describe how high and low doses of polyphenols have different effects. Most notably, they found that very high doses...

Adolescent but not adult hamsters are more aggressive on low dose of fluoxetine

New research offers tantalizing clues as to why some teenagers taking common anti-depressants may become more aggressive or kill themselves. The research is published in the October Behavioral Neuroscience, which is published by the American Psychological Association (APA). Neuroscientists at th...

One therapeutic dose of radiation causes 30 percent spongy bone loss in mice

Mice receiving just one therapeutic dose of radiation lost up to 39% of the spongy portion of their inner bone, reducing the inner bone's weight bearing connections by up to 64%, researchers reported. The study, which appears in the online edition of the Journal of Applied Physiology, has implicati...

Hyena mothers give their cubs a helpful dose of hormones

Scientists have discovered that a dominant hyena puts her cubs on the road to success before they are born by passing on high levels of certain hormones that make her budding young leaders more aggressive and sexually advanced. The report, published in the April 27 issue of Nature, is the first s...

Sensors, a smart dose of medicine for cancer treatment

The INVORAD project developed systems for real-time radiation monitoring for patient dosimetry in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT). IMRT is a radiation therapy for cancers that improves clinical outcomes by more accurately targeting tumours and minimising the amount of radiation absorbed by ...

Gene variations explain drug dose required to control seizures

Determining which variants of particular genes patients with epilepsy carry might enable doctors to better predict the dose of drugs necessary to control their seizures, suggest basic findings by researchers at the Duke University Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy (IGSP) and the University...

First human gets new antibody aimed at hepatitis C virus

... the Medical School. "This trial will test the safety of the antibody and measure its activity in the subjects. This will help us determine the useful dose and other parameters as we plan for the next step in this program, which will be a Phase 2 study in liver transplant patients." HCV attacks the live...

A crystal ball for brain cancer?

...ts have uncovered a new way to image tumors and forecast which patients, like McNabb, are most likely to benefit from Avastin before starting a single dose of treatment. The findings are published in this month's issue of the journal Radiology . "Avastin is an expensive drug, yet only 50 percent of ...

First genetically-engineered malaria vaccine to enter human trials

...nt that use whole malaria parasites weakened by irradiation to protect against infection, their safety and effectiveness rely on a precise irradiation dose and trial results have been variable," Professor Cowman said. "We believe that our genetically attenuated parasite approach provides a safe and reprod...

Results from trials of DHA in Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline

... At the beginning of the trial, all participants had a dietary DHA intake of less than 200 mg per day. Subjects were treated with DHA or placebo at a dose of two grams per day for 18 months. Those participants already taking approved Alzheimer's drugs could continue taking them during the trial. Co-prima...

Data published in the New England Journal of Medicine support use of raxibacumab (ABthrax) for the treatment of inhalation anthrax

...tion anthrax disease. "The results published today showed that a single dose of raxibacumab was highly effective as a treatment for inhalation anthrax i...enefit to animals showing clinical signs of disease caused by exposure to a dose of aerosolized anthrax spores that was approximately 200 times the median l...

Genetic factors implicated in survival gap for breast, ovarian or prostate cancer

...r. Hershman. Findings revealed that African-American women received similar dose intensity and cumulative dose as the Caucasian breast cancer patients, but were more likely to discontinu...

Funxional successfully completes initial clinical trial of FX125L, an anti-inflammatory drug with a novel mechanism of action

...Spectrum Chemokine Inhibitors ( BSCIs ). The Phase I, single ascending dose study was conducted in the United States. FX125L was well tolerated at all ...wals were observed. The pharmacokinetics of FX125L was linear over the wide dose range studied and consistent with once-daily oral dosing for patients. ...

Two dietary oils, two sets of benefits for older women with diabetes

... is the first to show that such a modest amount of a linoleic acid-rich oil may have a profound effect on body composition in women," Belury said. The dose of either oil taken each day was approximately 1 2/3 teaspoons. Postmenopausal women tend to lose muscle at the same time that body fat accumulates...

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology: New patient radiation safety guidelines

...ides a unique collection of new (such as radiation dose management) and previously published clinical prac...plement includes 'Guidelines for Patient Radiation dose Management,' a significant new document providing ...edical imaging is great and the risks of radiation dose are generally negligible compared to the health be...

Tips from the journals of the American Society for Microbiology

...lenge. Mucosal vaccination with 1918 VLPs induced higher levels of cross-reactivity in mice and complete survival in ferrets challenged with a lethal dose of the H5N1 virus. Only a 50% survival rate was noted in intramuscularly immunized animals. "These results suggest a strategy of VLP vaccinatio...

Improved method developed to test carcinogen risk

... in their report. "The whole foundation of modern toxicology is that the dose makes the poison," said George Bailey, an OSU distinguished professor emeri...ls in toxicology, exposing 40,800 trout to what's considered an "ultra-low" dose of dibenzo-a,l-pyrene, a chemical that can cause liver cancer and is part o...

Versartis presents positive preclinical data on 2 product candidates at ENDO 09

...onses in monkeys without toxicity. Potential benefits of VRS-317 include its stability at room temperature in a liquid formulation and the ability to dose monthly with a small gauge needle, thus increasing patient safety and convenience. VRS-317 may become 'best in class' hGH therapy when our preclinica...

Bisphenol A exposure in pregnant mice permanently changes DNA of offspring

...ion at Yale University School of Medicine. To find the answer to that question, Taylor and his co-workers at Yale injected pregnant mice with a low dose of BPA on pregnancy days 9 to 16. After the mice gave birth, the scientists analyzed the uterus of female offspring and extracted DNA. They found ...

Embryology study offers clues to birth defects

...ts showed that mice missing the Raldh2 and Raldh3 genes, which normally die early and do not develop limbs, could be rescued by treatment with a small dose of retinoic acid. However, forelimb development was stunted, suggesting that retinoic acid is required for forelimb but not hindlimb development. In ...

American Society for Microbiology honors George Liu

... of host-pathogen interaction. He worked on dissecting the function of Group B streptococcus (GBS) hemolysin. He showed that this toxin has an unusual dose effect that causes lysis of phagocytes at a higher dose, apoptosis at an intermediate dose, and downregulation of inflammation at a low dose. The gol...

REGiMMUNE presents enhanced efficacy data in preclinical transplantation models

...icant clinical benefits in organ transplantation and bone marrow transplantation. The REGiMMUNE study concluded that the addition of a subtherapeutic dose of Sirolimus enhanced the efficacy of RGI-2001 in both models. The combination treatment significantly prolonged the survival of grafts in the skin tr...

NIH funds work at WPI on regenerating heart tissue and preventing urinary tract infections

...in that initial latching-on process, using atomic force microscopy to measure the forces involved. The aim is to establish the optimal cranberry juice dose and exposure time to prevent bacterial adhesion. As part of the new study, Camesano will collaborate with Joseph Grocela, MD, a urologist and clinical...

UF makes gene therapy advance in severe genetic disorder

...es from a line of dogs genetically prone to the disease, received its first dose of gene therapy the day after it was born, Mah said. The dog improved at fi...ped. When the dog was 5 months old, the researchers administered another dose of gene therapy, this time using a different type of AAV. Six weeks after t...

Caffeic acid inhibits colitis in a mouse model -- is a drug-metabolizing gene crucial?

...utritionist, performed studies in 8 week old mice fed the various dietary components and then exposed to dextran sulfate sodium in a mildly irritating dose to induce colitis. Dr. Hendrich noted that "this study of caffeic acid will help us to advance studies of botanicals and plant foods with respect to t...

Breakthrough in radiotherapy promises targeted cancer treatment

...harmful for patients as it would leave less healthy tissue damaged and give radiation oncologists the possibility of instantly modifying the treatment dose as tumours change in size and shift. Published in issue 12 of IOP Publishing's Physics in Medicine & Biology the findings of a research group fro...

Tumor growth and chemo response may be predicted by mathematical model

...prove the precision of prescribing chemotherapeutic drugs, since it is sometimes hard to tell which will work and which will not, and what the optimal dose is for a particular patient," said Hermann Frieboes, Ph.D., lead author of the chemotherapy study and a post doctoral fellow at the UT School of Healt...

New tool for next-generation cancer treatments using nanodiamonds

...e team used the Nanofountain Probe to target and inject single cells with a dose of nanodiamonds. "This allows us to deliver a precise dose to one cell and observe its response relative to its neighbors," Ho says. ...

Glutamine supplements show promise in treating stomach ulcers

...ere subdivided into two more groups, with one group receiving a sham (fake) dose and the other group receiving a real dose containing H. pylori . (This resulted in four separate mouse groups: an un...

From cars to cancer: UH professor employs auto industry tools for tumor therapy

...ues at M.D. Anderson have been using computerized treatment planning systems, called "intensity-modulated radiation therapy," to design highly precise dose distributions tailored to the specific shape of the tumor. For the past year, they have been designing new radiation plans that account for changes i...

Novel antibody prevents infection by hepatitis C virus

...n-human primates. In that study, one animal received no antibody, one a low dose of the new antibody, and one a higher dose. Then all three animals were exp...o antibody dosages developed HCV infections, but the animal with the higher dose was protected. Subsequently, researchers gave the high-dose of the antibody...

Lithium may help radiation target cancer, spare healthy tissue

... hopes that lithium treatment could provide a way to increase the radiation dose to levels that will kill the tumor cells while protecting healthy brain tis...a said. "So if we can protect normal tissue, we can hopefully give a higher dose to the tumor." ...