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Tag: "when" at biology news

Viral protein influences key cell-signaling pathway

...r replicate, in cells grown in the laboratory even when p12 was missing. "But viruses do not keep genes unless they have a purpose," Lairmore says. In an earlier study, Lairmore and his colleagues tried to infect an animal model with an HTLV-1 that lacked the p12 gene, and it stopped the virus from repli...

A frog's life is food for thought

...Nothing was known about their digestive physiology when I first started this project and for an animal tha...arve for up to four years it is really interesting when you relate that back to human starvation," she said. "There is no way a human could last for four y...

Flocking together: Study shows how animal groups find their way

...ily make accurate decisions about where to go even when no individuals are regarded as leaders and very few individuals have any pertinent information. In addition to shedding light on the graceful coordination of animal groups, the results may be useful in understanding how humans behave in crowds and ...

Controlling protein diversity

... protein results. "This subgroup of coactivators, when brought to the gene, can enhance the amount of RNA made off the gene or the quantitative expression of that gene as well as qualitatively change what comes off the gene in terms of what protein is made," said O'Malley. These coactivators are unusual ...

Polymers with copper show promise for implanted sensors

...al Society in San Diego, Calif. "The idea we had, when we started working on this problem about eight yea...the sensors and fewer clots on the sensor surfaces when we use nitric oxide-releasing polymeric coatings," said Meyerhoff. However, those materials have so...

Robot-based system developed at Carnegie Mellon detects life in Chile's Atacama desert

...gnals from a set of dyes designed to light up only when they bind to one of the following ?nucleic acid, p...The first phase of the ASTEP project began in 2003 when a solar-powered robot named Hyperion, also developed at Carnegie Mellon, was taken to the Atacama as...

NIH Calls on Scientists to Speed Public Release of Research Publications

...'s access to health-related publications at a time when demand for such information is on a steady rise. "With the rapid growth in the public's use of the Internet, NIH must take a leadership role in making available to the public the research that we support," said NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D. ...

Discovery Promises Simpler Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease

... disease symptoms cause blood vessels to constrict when oxygen levels drop, they found, a response which would further exacerbate the oxygen deficiency. Treatment of red blood cells with nitric oxide reversed that effect, they reported. "Our results suggest that abnormal blood vessel control by red blood...

Molecule that usually protects infection-fighting cells may cause plaque deposits inside arteries

...osis, known as "hardening of the arteries," occurs when the inside walls of an artery become thicker and less elastic. This narrows the space for blood flow and can lead to angina and heart attacks in some people. Fatty buildups occur on the inner lining of an artery and gradually thicken into a plaque. ...

Stem Cell Research Shows Potential for Replacing Tissue Damaged in Heart Attacks

...ently discovered that chicken precardiac endoderm, when cultivated with mouse ES cells, makes them form rhythmically beating embryonic structures termed “cardiac embryoids.?Each cardiac embryoid contains a population of beating cardiac myocytes that is nearly homogeneous. “The results are significant bec...

Alaskan puzzles, monitoring provide insight about North Pacific salmon runs

... than all the salmon in the lower 48 combined back when those stocks were pristine. Kvichak stocks, however, have declined for a decade, failing even to replace themselves in spite of an almost complete halt to harvesting, says Ray Hilborn, UW professor of aquatic and fishery sciences. "The Kvichak sound...

Iron exporter revealed that may explain common human disorder

...ironment, but it's also very reactive and damaging when in excess," said Nancy Andrews, senior author of the study. "Mammals have therefore evolved mechanisms to get enough iron from the diet, but not too much." Iron is an essential ingredient of hemoglobin, the protein molecule in red blood cells that c...

Nanoscale Diagnostic Sets Sights on Alzheimer's

... be able to combat the illness in its nascent form when treatments may be most effective. In the first st...t the very earliest stage of AD memory loss begins when ADDLs attack key synapses in the brain. We predicted some of these ADDLs would leak into the cerebro...

Low level of extinction during ice age linked to adaptability

...some." Powell looked at extinctions during an age when glaciers reached to within 35 degrees of the equator, roughly as far south as a line between present-day Raleigh, Memphis and Albuquerque or nearly as far north as Buenos Aires. Powell tackled the question of why extinction rates were so low during t...

Transgenic plants remove more selenium from polluted soil than wild plants, new tests show

...rs of selenium toxicity came to light in the 1980s when biologists discovered that irrigation drain water held at the Kesterson Reservoir in the San Joaquin Valley was causing serious deformities in birds. The researchers say cleaning up the sediment in the San Luis Drain could cost millions of dollars u...

50-year-old Mystery Solved: Protein Tags Regulate Key Ion Channel

...gh potassium leak was first described in the 1950s when it was recognized to control excitation of nerves,...O to a specific part of the K2P1 channel, and that when this happened the channel was entirely silent. When a different enzyme removed the SUMO tag, however...

Researchers discover chemical compounds that affect plant growth

... of conventional mutations, which are often lethal when present in essential genes such as those that encode many cellular membrane components. Combined with the formidable genetic mapping and information available from the Arabidopsis plant, chemical genomics is becoming a powerful new tool in plant biol...

Fibril Shape Is The Basis Of Prion Strains And Cross-species Prion Infection

...cientists believe the species barrier was breached when a new version of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease appeared...brils normally infect humans but not hamsters. But when mouse prions were brought into contact with hamster prion amyloid fibrils, a new strain of mouse fib...

McGill researchers shed light on formation of carcinogen in food

...s how food-based amino acids and sugars break down when heated to produce furan. It also identifies other ...oducts. "Furan and its derivatives sometimes form when amino acids or sugars are broken down by the heat of cooking," explains Dr. Yaylayan. "Normally, fur...

Stopping smallpox in its tracks: A new anti-viral approach

...l compounds. This is especially critical at a time when the threat of smallpox as a biological weapon is high. ...

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