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Tag: "viruses" at biology news

Researchers rein in regulatory RNAs

...genes have been documented in all life forms ?from viruses and prokaryotes to plants and animals. To date, most studies on SAT pairs have utilized purely in silico approaches; very few have experimentally validated the existence of overlapping RNA molecules in vivo. With this in mind, Dr. Hidenori Kiyosawa,...

Anti cancer virotherapy well tolerated in first human administration, research finds

...turally occurring rather than genetically modified viruses the Shafren team has been investigating as potenti...cies including melanoma and ovarian cancer. These viruses occur naturally and routinely in the community causing mild infections in adult humans. Previously ...

Silence the gene, save the cell: RNA interference as promising therapy for ALS

...ekeeping process that protects cells from invading viruses or other genetic threats. It works by interrupting messenger RNA as it transfers the genetic code for a protein from the nucleus to the site in the cell where the protein is synthesized. To trigger RNA interference and silence a gene, short bits of ...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

...nce a single gene. Promising targets could include viruses like HIV and hepatitis C or cancer-causing oncogenes. An RNAi-based treatment for age-related macular degeneration is already in clinical trials." Ruvkun is a professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. RNAi was originally identified in the C. ...

Turning viruses into allies against cancer

...ight against cancer. Through genetic engineering, viruses are being re-programmed to take advantage of their...ue. Several of these "oncolytic" (cancer-killing) viruses are in varying stages of development, including modifications of the virus that causes measles and a...

Defensins Ward Off HIV In Two Ways

...rior. They help orchestrate the body's response to viruses and therefore play important roles in the immune system. The researchers show that alpha-defensin-1 fights HIV in two different ways. Without serum (the watery portion of blood that remains when blood cells are removed) and under conditions where vi...

UCLA scientists store materials in cells natural vaults

...immune reaction. Previous efforts have relied upon viruses or artificial chemicals to house and deliver drugs or other substances to targeted cells. RESEARCH: Scientists at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA have exploited thousands of tiny capsules in cells to store vast amounts of biomaterial. Du...

Norovirus found to cause traveler's diarrhea

...il recently, molecular detection methods for these viruses have not been readily available in laboratories in the United States or other countries. The researchers examined stool samples from 34 individuals who experienced traveler's diarrhea during trips to Antigua, Guatemala or Cuernavaca, Mexico, for Nor...

Secret of smallpox's success may lead to bioterror cure

...most devastating trick in cellular weaponry of pox viruses like smallpox, Arizona State University virologist...t he can turn the biochemical machinery of the pox viruses against themselves ?and protect the public against catastrophic bioterror attacks. And if he is cor...

Basis for DNA ejection from single phage particles

... that infect humans, in that the envelope of these viruses fuses with the host plasma membrane so that the genome is delivered without directly contacting the membrane. Phage nucleic acid transport poses a fascinating biophysical problem: Transport is unidirectional and linear; it concerns a unique molecule...

Scientists discover how Ebola virus infects cells

...s now alarming Angola, is a filovirus, a family of viruses that cause severe and frequently fatal hemorrhagic fevers. "Finding medical countermeasures for viral hemorrhagic fevers is a global public health priority because not only do these diseases occur naturally but they also have the potential to be unle...

Molecular fossils uncover link between viruses and the immune system

...omic structures can reveal evolutionary history of viruses in a similar fashion as fossils did for the dinosa...ll. These "molecular fossils" also revealed that viruses and proteins of immune system share the same structure. One plausible explanation may be that viral ...

Designing vaccines by computer

...hether they can regain their effectiveness against viruses and bacteria that have evolved resistance." ...

Structure-building cell signals also may influence learning and memory

...s cellular endocytosis, whereby certain chemicals, viruses or other agents are surrounded with a snippet of t...ansmitters, fat molecules, and foreign bodies like viruses and toxins, from the external environment thus enabling the cell to store, transport or eliminate th...

Sugar beet virus mutation requires Texas touch

...irus, also was found about the same time. The two viruses are closely related, Rush said. But rhizomania is devastating and found worldwide, while the mosaic virus is not as destructive and is limited to the United States. Growers, breeders and industry officials from Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, Mi...

How A Latent Virus Eludes Immune Defenses

...in in MHV-68 and KSHV is called ORF73. None of the viruses can maintain latent infections with deficient episome maintenance proteins. Stevenson and colleagues first demonstrated that ORF73 limits T cell recognition and then identified a key region responsible for immune evasion by modifying different regio...

Touching Molecules With Your Bare Hands

...in in MHV-68 and KSHV is called ORF73. None of the viruses can maintain latent infections with deficient episome maintenance proteins. Stevenson and colleagues first demonstrated that ORF73 limits T cell recognition and then identified a key region responsible for immune evasion by modifying different regio...

Ancient immune defense mechanism is no match for HIV-1

...ammalian cells, it was not known whether mammalian viruses naturally elicit this type of immunity in vertebrate cells. Drs. Yamina Bennasser and Kuan-Teh Jeang from the Molecular Virology Section at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and colleagues found that infection with HIV-1 induc...

Where bacteria get their genes

...commonly, genes are transmitted by bacteriophages, viruses that specifically hijack bacteria cells. Like tiny syringes, phages inject their own genetic material into the host cell, forcing it to produce new phages. During such an event, genes from the bacterial genome can be incorporated into the newly made ...

Bee mites suppress bee immunity, open door for viruses and bacteria

...ed as a model system for exploring what happens to viruses in animal or human populations," says Cox-Foster. "If we view the colony as a city, then we have a variety of infection modes ?queen to eggs, workers to food supply, bee to bee, and parasite to bee." ...

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