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Early-stage immune system control of HIV may depend on inherited factors

...splay protein fragments on their surface membranes via HLA Class II proteins. Virally infected cells display viral proteins on HLA Class I molecules, which activate the CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes that usually destroy infected cells. Although the CD8 response against HIV is ultimately ineffective in pr...

Stem cells engage in dialogue with the cells that regulate their futures

...ght on how cancer might spread throughout the body via populations of cancer stem cells." Ruohola-Baker added that stem cells hold high hope in regenerative medicine: tapping into the ways cells repair the body to create therapies to fix or replace injured tissues. She mentioned that it is thought tha...

Two nerve cells in direct contact

...n the opposite hemisphere and secondly, indirectly via the CH cell, which receives information via several intermediate stops from the other half of the brain and which inhibits the H2 cell on the sa...

Newts which regrow their hearts

...explains Braun. These signals could be transmitted via certain enzymes, for example. An enzyme of this nature - focal adhesion kinase -, which plays a part in the transmission of signals in the cells, is phosphorylated in the transplanted cells and is thus active. The Max Planck researchers in Bad Nauhei...

'Failed' experiment yields a biocontrol agent that doesn't trigger antibiotic resistance

...e" could then be used to spread the killer plasmid via conjugation to targeted bacterial pathogens that lacked the ability to resist over-replication. "We harnessed this plasmid," thought Filutowicz. "Now, how can we use it?" The answer came in 1999, when he filed a disclosure through the Wisconsin Alu...

One signal elicits thousands of answers

...ll signaling mechanisms often transmit information via protein modifications, most importantly the revers...lls, divided into different fractions and analysed via mass spectrometry. This technology allows the precise identification of structure and composition of...

'Erectile dysfunction' drugs heighten natural anti-cancer activity

... -- which are key to triggering immune suppression via MDSCs. Borrello’s team found that the arginase enzyme, which metabolizes a dietary supplement called L-arginine, also contributes to dampening the immune system through MDSCs much like nitric oxide, and its production can be reversed by sildenafil. ...

Telemedicine robots help improve health

...he bedside and thanks to a video-link, established via the Centre for Online Health, the sick child can see their Brisbane specialist on the robot's television–like screen. A built-in camera and microphone enables the specialist to see and speak with the child. Eliza is one of four robots that will b...

'Trojan Horse' agent halts bone metastasis in mice

... the VEGF121/rGel agent entered the immature cells via the Flt-1 receptor and destroyed them, shutting down tumor growth. "This was a surprise to us," he says. "We had not expected these cells to be killed at all because we knew, through our earlier experiments, that VEGF121/rGel destroyed blood vessels ...

Most important actors in the growth process of neurons identified

... other medically-oriented research directly to VIB via this address. ...

Ferns provide model for tiny motors powered by evaporation

...m transforms one form of energy, in this case heat via the evaporation of water, into motion. When the cells in the outer wall of the sporangium were water logged, the sporangium remained closed like a fist, storing the spores safely inside. But when the water in the outer wall evaporated, it caused the ...

Mass vaccination unnecessary in the event of a large bioterrorist US smallpox attack

...puter model that calculated the spread of smallpox via aerosol dissemination ?the most likely choice of terrorists ?within a community of 50,000. Members of this virtual community interacted the way people normally do: within households, neighborhoods, preschool groups, schools, a community hospital and ...

Single molecular 'mark' seen as pivotal for genome compaction in spores and sperm

...ic information is passed from parents to offspring via sperm or eggs, also known as gametes. In some single-celled organisms, such as yeast, the genes can be passed to the next generation in spores. In both reproductive strategies, major physical changes occur in the genetic material after it has been du...

PNAS study reveals why organs fail following massive trauma

...h those genes have an actual role in organ failure via real-world biochemical tests. Results showed that the expression of nearly 5,700 genes related to T cell function is changed in cases of massive trauma, as are 2800 genes related to the function of macrophages, partnering immune cells necessary to ...

Therapeutic role found for carbon monoxide

... cells must be present ?and be able to generate NO via nitric oxide synthase [NOS3] -- in order for CO to induce the death of the smooth muscle cells and reverse the symptoms of PAH," explains Otterbein. To further test the role of the nitric oxide, the co-culture was treated with a select inhibitor of N...

Humpback whales have brain cells also found in humans

...volved side by side. The study is available online via Wiley InterScience at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/ar . Although the biology of the humpback whale is well understood, there have been virtually no studies published on its brain composition, leaving an open question as to how brain st...

Handling HPV vaccines and screening: The views of 100 authors

...rmore, this landmark publication will be available via the HINARI programme, the public-private initiative (launched by the World Health Organization) to bridge the digital divide in health information access ( http://www.who.int/hinari/en/ ). ...

Development of gene therapy

...as the introduction of genes into tissues or cells via gene transfer, with the purpose of deriving a therapeutic or preventative benefit from the function of these genes. Gene transfer is achieved using a vector ? a kind of vehicle that carries the gene. Somatic gene transfer only targets body cells (som...

Ocean temperature predicts spread of marine species

...cluding commercially important species, reproduces via larvae that drift far along ocean currents before returning to join adult populations. The distance larvae travel before maturing, called dispersal, is directly linked to ocean temperature, the researchers found. For example, larvae from the same spe...

Detecting explosives with honeybees

...rained bees to give a positive detection response, via the proboscis extension reflex, when they were exposed to vapors from TNT, C4, TATP explosives and propellants. According to Tim Haarmann, principal investigator for the Stealthy Insect Sensor Project, the project applies old knowledge to a press...

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