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Tag: "versions" at biology news

Simple idea to dramatically improve dengue vaccinations

...ave attempted to counter the threat of co-existent versions of Dengue by developing a vaccine against all four versions simultaneously. Doctors found that patients who got a four-component vaccine wound up only being pro...

Pair of studies offer new clues to combat antibiotic resistance

...ical School and Harvard University built synthetic versions of natural substrates used by key enzymes to make teichoic acids, polymeric structures in the membrane surrounding gram-positive bacteria. The polymers are considered essential for bacterial survival. Until now, these enzyme precursors have been diff...

Clawed frog helps Fanconi anemia research make leaps

...per, Hoatlin's team identified many of the Xenopus versions of the Fanconi genes and found that they were very similar to the human counterparts by sequence and behavior. For example, the Fanconi proteins were drawn to the DNA once the copying process began. By adding a protein called geminin to the extract, ...

'Computer-chemistry' yields new insight into a puzzle of cell division

...swer such questions by laboriously making "mutant" versions of a protein in which a single residue is altered and lab-testing whether the resulting subtle change in the protein's shape or chemistry changes the way the molecules interact with each other, he said. If there is no change, they then move on to the...

Scientist uses form to explain function of key building blocks of life

...ere then able to predict the function of different versions of the protein based on structural information, a novel outcome that was published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Professor of biochemistry John Markley, along with a team that included graduate student I-Jin Lin, s...

First big influenza genome study reveals flu evolution

...tching the same flu, but rather slightly different versions of the virus. Even within this relatively small geographic region, Ghedin says, the dynamic influenza virus showed striking diversity, with variants frequently swapping genetic material. In fact, the researchers report, one such event explains why t...

Nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanotubes: How tiny specks may provide powerful tools against cancer

... Leuschner and her co-workers tested two different versions of the complex to see which might be the best way ...tly to LHRH-Hecate. They first tested the two versions in the laboratory dish in two different breast cancer cell lines and in a mouse cell control. In a p...

NIAID researchers show how promising TB drug works

...l allow a streamlined approach for making improved versions of the drug." "Previously, we were flying blind in trying to optimize PA-824 in a rational way because we didn't know which M. tb protein was the target of PA-824's action," says NIAID scientist Clifton Barry, III, Ph.D., who headed the research t...

War on terror meets war on cancer

...ated was grown in a wet, cool climate, while later versions came from a dry, warm climate. That confirmed the government's belief the counterfeiters had ties with terrorists who moved from Eastern Europe to the Middle East. In 2000, the Drug Enforcement Administration began using Ehleringer's method to test ...

Cornell finds natural selection in humans

...ut mutations that have led to slightly deleterious versions of the gene -- mutations that may cause disease or only slightly reduce the average number of children left by those that carried the mutation -- can by chance become quite common in the population. The authors also found a correlation between ge...

'License to kill' enables powerful immune attack cells in mice

...and of genetics. Mice normally have many different versions of the MHC molecule, but Hansen created a line that makes only one. This was essential to the ability of Yokoyama's group to test its hypothesis. The new findings from Yokoyama's laboratory could explain some puzzling outcomes in the clinic, includi...

Grand Challenges in Global Health initiative funds Yale project

...d a range of other diseases are made from weakened versions of the infectious agent. These cannot be studied in human trials unless researchers are confident that they are safe. "A big need in the world of vaccine development is the ability to predict whether vaccines for humans are safe and effective," said...

Exercise aside, genes may ultimately dictate seniors' mobility

...verting enzyme, or ACE. The rest have the II or ID versions of the ACE gene. Study participants were categorized according to their exercise intensity and their genetic makeup. Overall, about 41 percent of study participants became less mobile over the four-year period. Even though people who exercised were ...

Single gene is genetic switch for fly sexual behavior

...ess protein. Male and female flies carry different versions of the fruitless protein, as a result of sex-speci...Demir say. Dickson and Demir created male-spliced versions of fruitless in female flies and female-spliced versions in male flies. Males with the female versio...

Opiate cocktail may spare cells from morphine's dark side

... containing morphine along with small doses of two versions of methadone, a related opioid drug, significantly...deed past work from Whistler indicated that mutant versions of the receptor that are more readily internalized were associated with reduced levels of morphine t...

Targeting a key enzyme with gene therapy reversed course of Alzheimer's disease in mouse models

...ormal genes into cells to compensate for defective versions of the gene causing disease. In their study, the researchers used gene therapy to silence a normally functioning gene. Exploiting a mechanism called RNA interference, they were able to turn down the gene that helps produce the characteristic amyloid ...

Gene loss accelerates aging

...gene called p63 accelerates aging in mice. Similar versions of the gene are present in many organisms, including humans. Therefore, the p63 gene is likely to play a fundamental biological role in aging-related processes. "To study how the p63 gene works, we devised a system for eliminating it from adult mous...

Treatments have same target, different responses for lung cancer patients with genetic mutation

...ith non�small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have mutant versions of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This protein activates signaling pathways involved with cell growth and survival. Previous studies have shown that small-molecule EGFR inhibitors such as gefitinib and erlotinib (Tarceva) work by blocki...

Gifts from the sea

... study marine creatures? In short, they are simple versions of more complex organisms. By studying life processes in marine models, MBL scientists and students learn how the same events occur in the human body . . . and how they go awry when disease strikes. Over the years, marine models have been instrument...

Variation in HIV's ability to disable host defenses contributes to rapid evolution

...e evolution of HIV. Within a single patient, some versions of Vif don't work at all; others counteract only one of the host's defensive proteins. "It's a leaky system," according to Paul D. Bieniasz, senior author of the study and associate professor at The Rockefeller University's Aaron Diamond AIDS Researc...

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