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Tag: "usually" at biology news

The bioweapon is in the post

...cified genes and mail them back a few weeks later, usually spliced into a bacterium such as Escherichia coli. New Scientist approached 16 such firms, identified by a Google search, to ask whether they screened orders for DNA sequences that might pose a bioterror threat. Of the 12 companies that replied, just...

How E. coli bacterium generates simplicity from complexity

The ubiquitous and usually harmless E. coli bacterium, which has one-seventh ... aerobic organisms, the final electron acceptor is usually oxygen, which is converted into water in the process. E. coli can grow with or without oxygen, usin...

How Rickettsial pathogens break into cells

...lications occur as much as 10 percent of the time, usually in patients who are elderly or who have some other underlying disease. Left untreated, Mediterranean spotted fever can be deadly. Cossart and her team demonstrated that the Ku70 protein on the surface of host cells is critical for R. conorii to ente...

New study identifies key gene in development of connections between brain and spinal cord

...ord failed to form. Instead, the brain cells that usually form the spinal cord made inappropriate connections to other parts of the brain. This result led the researchers to determine that Fezl is necessary for proper development of neural connections to the spinal cord. "Normally, Fezl is required for ...

Nano springs eternal; Protozoan 'engine' posts nano records

...in a biological world where the ruler markings are usually in tiny pico-newtons and micrometers/second. Gram for gram, the power of the spasmoneme engine outperforms human muscles and car engines. It also runs on a different fuel. Molecular motors that power muscle contraction, for example, use ATP molecu...

Are U.S. Flu Death Figures More PR Than Science?

...in a biological world where the ruler markings are usually in tiny pico-newtons and micrometers/second. Gram for gram, the power of the spasmoneme engine outperforms human muscles and car engines. It also runs on a different fuel. Molecular motors that power muscle contraction, for example, use ATP molecu...

Similar Stem Cells In Insect And Human Gut

...in a biological world where the ruler markings are usually in tiny pico-newtons and micrometers/second. Gram for gram, the power of the spasmoneme engine outperforms human muscles and car engines. It also runs on a different fuel. Molecular motors that power muscle contraction, for example, use ATP molecu...

Expert dispels bird flu paranoia

...He said bird flu was a viral disease of all birds, usually spread by water birds but normally only causing disease in poultry. Contaminated water is the most common source of infection from bird droppings but it can be spread physically on boots or other clothing. The virus is stable in water for up to 2...

Superconducting magnet attracts molecular research

...esearch, will use it around the clock. Experiments usually run in weeklong blocks, though some may run for several weeks at a time, according to Pochapsky. Magnetic resonance is a physical phenomenon based on the magnetic property of an atom's nucleus. It occurs when the nuclei of certain atoms are immersed...

Targeted drug delivery achieved with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates

.... 3 Prostate cancer diagnosed at an early stage is usually treated by a combination of surgery and radiotherapy; more advanced cases are treated with radiotherapy and hormonal therapies such as the anti-androgens. In patients with metastatic disease where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, a m...

Open Source Biotechnology alliance for international agriculture

...lex webs of patent and other legal rights, and are usually tailored for wealthy countries and well-heeled scientists," said IRRI's Director General, Robert Zeigler. "Half the world depends on rice as a staple food?but this also means half the world's potential innovators could be brought to bear on the chall...

Researchers use 'trickery' to create immune response against melanoma

.... 3 Prostate cancer diagnosed at an early stage is usually treated by a combination of surgery and radiotherapy; more advanced cases are treated with radiotherapy and hormonal therapies such as the anti-androgens. In patients with metastatic disease where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, a m...

Common molecular 'signature' identified in solid tumors

...l. They may have been easy to overlook: miRNAs are usually only 22 or so nucleotides in length ?miniscule in size when compared to their cousins, messenger RNA, which can be several hundred to a thousand times that long. But several years ago, researchers studying roundworms noted that properly functioning...

Ancient DNA helps UF researchers unearth potential hemophilia therapy

...stymied their success, Fletcher said. Researchers usually hide corrective genes inside viruses, which then infect cells. Without the virus to act as a key, the gene would be unable to enter the cell. But viral gene therapy has been associated with medical complications, and a few human patients have died as...

Clawed frog helps Fanconi anemia research make leaps

...n cells are dividing that the Fanconi proteins are usually at their highest expression and activity." In Xen...researchers, methods used to synchronize cells are usually also the ways you might damage the DNA in cells, whereas this system allows us to look at unperturbe...

Infection 'alarm' yields clues to immune system behavior

...of the cells." He explained that a pricked finger usually generates a very localized fight against infection, involving only nearby cells. If TNF's signal was strong enough to set off an immune response involving the entire body, the result could be a high fever and septic shock. "We've developed a better u...

Technique makes it easier to see mouse embryo in all its glory

...ically modified embryos and their birth defects is usually a slow and laborious process, but Dr. Keller and colleagues have found a way to make the analysis much faster '" and more accurate. Traditional histology involves embedding embryos in wax, thinly slicing the wax and delicately placing it on slides,...

Patterns in genome organization may partially explain how microbial cells work

...es are arranged on chromosomes." A bacterial cell usually operates with one copy of its genome. Until 2002, there had been no way to determine if a particular gene or area of the chromosome was segregated in any particular way inside the cell. New techniques that attach fluorescent "reporter" markers to pre...

Wisconsin scientists discover a master key to microbes' pathogenic lifestyles

...s blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. But how these usually bucolic fungi undergo such a transformation to become serious pathogens has always been a puzzle. Now, however, a team of scientists from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health reports the discovery of a master molecular sen...

Ocean 'dead zones' trigger sex changes in fish, posing extinction threat

..."In many places, the areas affected by hypoxia are usually larger than the spawning and nursery grounds of fish. Even though some tolerant species can survive in hypoxic zones, they may not be able to migrate out of the zone and their reproduction will be impaired." Hypoxia is considered one of the most se...

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