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Tag: "usually" at biology news

Discovery of T-cell 'traffic control' boosts new drug promise

...compound called S1P and its receptor on T cells -- usually prevents T cells from launching harmful reactions. But when the S1P traffic cop reacts incorrectly, T cells can swamp healthy tissue. The new research explains how a promising experimental drug treats the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis by bloc...

Researchers create infectious hepatitis C virus in a test tube

... are infected develop chronic infection, the virus usually remains undetected for years, or even decades, until it causes advanced liver disease. ...

Defect in gene causes 'neuralgic amyotrophy'

...e affected area. The pain and the loss of movement usually disappear within a couple of weeks, but sometimes ...t of the heritable form. The attacks of pain are usually provoked by external factors such as vaccination, infection, operation, and even pregnancy or childb...

Otter adaptations: How do otters remain sleek and warm

...nn's Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, usually work on defining the physical properties of blood clots and applying this knowledge to find better treatments for heart disease. Two years ago when Weisel, an avid hiker, climber, and white-water kayaker, took a month of his sabbatical year to study ...

Genome Sequence for Haemophilus Influenzae Completed

...nn's Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, usually work on defining the physical properties of blood clots and applying this knowledge to find better treatments for heart disease. Two years ago when Weisel, an avid hiker, climber, and white-water kayaker, took a month of his sabbatical year to study ...

New bioinformatics technique for systematically analyzing key regions in DNA that help control gene activity

...tes in a promoter or regulatory region - there are usually a few of these for each gene. We wanted to see if we could somehow deduce how many transcription factors at a time, or combinations of factors, are coming together physically and how these combinations regulate genes." "To accomplish this," Komorows...

Hunt for human genes involved in cell division under way

... most potent RNAi reagent for this study, which is usually out of reach for academic labs because of the enormous cost and the ever-changing annotation of the human genome. But being part of the large EU project MitoCheck allowed us to work with one of the leading suppliers of siRNAs, Ambion Europe, Ltd., to...

Ants, not evil spirits, create devil's gardens in the Amazon rainforest, study finds

...vines, shrubs and wildflowers. But devil's gardens usually consist of a single plant, D. hirsuta, which happens to be the preferred habitat of the devil's garden ant, M. schumanni. In addition to the evil-spirit legend, two scientific proposals have been offered to explain why devil's gardens occur. One hyp...

The very defensive caterpillar

...ion and then confer resistance against the second, usually lethal, infection by the pathogen. Using RNAi techniques workers at the University of Bath have shown that several different proteins can confer this protective effect against subsequent infections. Micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi and nemato...

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Successful Vaccine Trial In Dogs

... In the absence of treatment, these clinical signs usually announce a fatal outcome. The sand fly sucks blood from mammals other than humans. This is how, right around the Mediterranean rim, 5 million dogs, a proportion of from 1 to 42 % depending on the area, are affected by visceral leishmaniasis. These a...

Targeting a key enzyme with gene therapy reversed course of Alzheimer's disease in mouse models

...his is a very important finding because humans are usually diagnosed when the disease has already progressed ...s and ending with severe brain damage, Alzheimer's usually begins after the age of 60, the risk increasing with age. ...

Pollution-eating bacteria produce electricity

...r daily routines. When we do, thoughts on bacteria usually do not enter our minds. Bacteria make you sick, they are important in the processing of food, but making electricity? Surely that is not part of the story. But it is," says Milliken. ...

Scientists uncover new clues about brain function in human behavior

... to have normal intelligence (Williams Syndrome is usually associated with some degree of mental retardation or learning impairment) and compared to healthy controls. Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, M.D., Ph.D., and Karen Berman, M.D., from the NIMH Genes, Cognition, and Psychosis Program, and colleagues, then sho...

No small feat: First ever gene therapy success for muscular dystrophy achieved

... birth. No effective treatments exist and children usually die quite young. Despite gene therapy being among the most vigorously studied approaches for muscular dystrophy, it has been beset with uniquely difficult hurdles. The genes to replace those that are defective in CMD are larger than most, so it has ...

Gradient guides nerve growth down spinal cord

...pinal cord until they reach their proper position, usually after seven to ten days. From previous studies, Zou and colleagues knew that a gradient of various Wnt proteins, including Wnt4, formed along the spinal cord around the time of birth. Here they show that two other proteins, Wnt1 and Wnt5a are produc...

New study shows SARS can infect brain tissue

...ported in Asia in February of 2003. The disease is usually transmitted by contact with coronavirus-laden droplets sprayed into the air by an infected person's coughing. Other symptoms can include high fever, headache, body aches, and pneumonia. However, some patients also exhibit central nervous system ailme...

Infectious disease expert warns of spread of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

...e feet and palms of the hands, where rashes do not usually appear. At this later stage of infection, antibiotic therapy becomes somewhat less effective. In the CDC-led study, government researchers took blood and skin tissue samples from 16 patients across Southeastern Arizona suspected of having the infect...

A radical solution for environmental pollution

...-not the standard chemical reactions that chemists usually think about," said Marsh. "It turns out that the solution to metabolizing these very inert compounds is to harness the reactive chemistry of free radicals. To a chemist it's an elegant solution to a difficult problem---even if we still don't really u...

Breast tumors in mice eradicated using cancer vaccine

...h are being produced in the spleen, where Listeria usually colonizes, seek out and destroy the tumor. This system ensures an increase in the production of killer T cells that can recognize the HER-2/Neu pieces on the surface of the tumor cell. In addition, the Penn team helped the immune system along by fusi...

New plant DNA libraries provides massive boost to world's plant researchers

... of the DNA of each species. Genomic DNA libraries usually employ "restriction enzymes" to cut up the DNA but this method may preferentially select only certain regions of DNA and exclude other regions from the final plant "library". The techniques used by the Warwick researchers remove this limitation and m...

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