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Tag: "usually" at biology news

Tiny scaffolding allows stem cells to become working fat cells

... were grown. In conventional cell cultures, cells usually grow as flat deposits bathed in growth medium. While useful, these "two-dimensional" patches fail to mimic all the tasks performed by cells in vivo. Specific genes, proteins and hormones normally produced by healthy cells are often absent in two-dime...

Bird Brains Show How Trial and Error May Contribute to Learning

...a particular time in the song. The variations are usually too subtle for human ears, Kao said, but sensitive recording equipment can detect them. The systematic trials were possible with the aid of a computer program that could track the bird twitters and trigger stimulations to LMAN at precise moments to e...

The Bacteria's guide to survival

...uced the activity of several of the genes that are usually enhanced by infection with the normal bacteria. Also, they found that cells infected with the bacteria tended to survive treatment with staurosporine, a chemical that normally induces apoptosis. Overall, the group's findings support previous specula...

New Treatment Rivals Chemotherapy For Lymphoma, Study Finds

...onoclonal antibody rituximab. These treatments are usually given every three weeks over a span of up to six months and can cause many unpleasant side effects, including nausea, hair loss and infections. Follicular lymphoma is the second most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and is not considered to be ...

Artifical cornea lets woman blind 20 years see

...becomes as opaque as the original. "The cornea is usually just like a clear window in the eye for people to see through, but sometimes the cornea becomes opacified and people can no longer see," said Natalie Afshari, M.D., an ophthalmologist specializing in cornea and refractive care at Duke University Eye ...

Yale researchers identify molecule for detecting parasitic infection in humans

...rganisms infect humans, the atypical molecules are usually detected immediately by human proteins called Toll-like receptors (TLR) that alert the human immune system to fight the infection. But parasites, like humans, are eukaryotic in origin and how the body detects them has been a mystery. The common par...

Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced

...ged, sometimes permanently. Campylobacteriosis is usually caused by C. jejuni, a spiral-shaped bacterium normally found in cattle, swine, and birds, where it causes no problems. But the illness can also be caused by C. coli (also found in cattle, swine, and birds), C. upsaliensis (found in cats and dogs), a...

How the environment could be damaging men's reproductive health

...d during the foetal period, but clinically this is usually not detected until the third decade of life. Thus, the recent findings of good semen quality and low frequency of testicular cancer in Lithuania may reflect the intrauterine environment situation more than 20 years ago. However, cryptorchidism can be...

Researchers devise way to mass-produce embryonic stem cells

...y kind of cell in the body, while adult stem cells usually develop into a type of cell based on the kind of tissue that they originated from. The bioreactor has a chamber that holds the polymer threads on which the stem cells grow and another chamber that holds fluid, or medium. This medium delivers chemica...

Dead zone area in Gulf could be increasing, researchers say

... DiMarco said the most intense hypoxia levels are usually between 30 to 60 feet below the surface. Fish in this area can be "stressed," meaning they can die or, at the very least, move to other areas, which adversely affects fishermen in the dead zone region. "Bottom-dwelling marine life, where some of the...

Chemists identify immune system mechanism for methamphetamine binges

... drug developed antibodies to it. "Antibodies are usually produced only in response to large molecule invaders such as proteins, not to small drug molecules," Janda says. "Glycation acts like a linker that allows [the methamphetamine] to be displayed to the immune system, triggering a vaccine-like reaction....

Epstein-Barr virus protein crucial to its role in blood cancers

...C (for EBV nuclear antigen) ?the cell cycle of the usually quiescent human B cells gets a jump start, which ultimately initiates uncontrolled growth. EBV, a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses, plays a role in cancers such as lymphoproliferative diseases in transplant o...

Defensins neutralize anthrax toxin

...C (for EBV nuclear antigen) ?the cell cycle of the usually quiescent human B cells gets a jump start, which ultimately initiates uncontrolled growth. EBV, a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses, plays a role in cancers such as lymphoproliferative diseases in transplant o...

Molecule that usually protects infection-fighting cells may cause plaque deposits inside arteries

A molecule that usually protects the body's infection-fighting cells might also contribute to fatty buildups that coat arteries and lead to heart disease, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have found. The molecule, called apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage or AIM, ...

No relief for Pacific Northwest drought

... very high level of fire, as they do now, they are usually pretty accurate." Graphic images mapping the U.S. drought and fire risk conditions are available to illustrate this story, at the web site of OSU News and Communication Services, at http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/photos/index.html ...

Rare surgery performed to remove pancreas, prevent diabetes

...cal last-resort, surgery to give relief from pain, usually from inflammation of pancreatitis. In the past, such surgery might eliminate the pain but would leave the patient with severe, poorly-controlled diabetes, since the insulin-producing islets of Langerhans would necessarily be discarded along with the ...

Reservoirs may accelerate the spread of invasive aquatic species, researchers say

...h other. Compared to natural lakes, reservoirs are usually shallower, more connected to other water bodies, and more laden with suspended and dissolved solids; they also have a higher and more variable flushing rate. Moreover, they typically contain unstable, recently assembled communities of stocked fish. A...

Discovery may lead to better Candidiasis drug

...ital organs. Researchers were aware that histatin usually can keep Candida albicans in check in persons with enough saliva and a healthy immune system, but they did not know precisely how histatin accomplished this. "There are many types of naturally occurring proteins, such as venoms and toxins, that kill...

Mystery Blood Vessel Disorder Implicated In 'Mini' Strokes

...essels of the brain. Patients with the disease are usually found to have high blood pressure, but the causes of the disease are unknown. Using MRI, Amarenco and his colleagues studied 510 patients who had suffered strokes and found that the subset of patients with dolichoectasia were more likely to have evi...

Some Brain Cells 'Change Channels' To Fine-tune The Message

...rs, built from subunits called GluR3 and GluR4, is usually found at the synapse. If the cells are shocked with an electric current, within minutes the channels are replaced by ones made of GluR2 and GluR3. After the swap, sodium can still get in, but calcium is kept out. To learn more about how this takes p...

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