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Tag: "upon" at biology news

Researchers discover mechanism that determines when detailed memories are retained

...ed a neural coding mechanism that the brain relies upon to register the intensity of memories based on the importance of the experience. The study presented the first evidence that a "memory code" of any kind may exist. His laboratory also was the first to induce a specific memory by stimulating the syste...

New HIV statistics indicate increasing toll of AIDS on African American community

...iding routine, voluntary HIV testing for prisoners upon entry and release; making condoms available in correctional facilities; expanding re-entry programs to help prisoners transition back into society; and ensuring that their HIV prevention, substance abuse, mental health and housing needs are met prior...

A natural chemical found in strawberries boosts memory in healthy mice

...ogy Laboratory at the Salk Institute. Maher hit upon the beneficial effects of fisetin when she screened a collection of flavonoids, substances with anti-oxidant activities found in many plants, for their neuroprotective abilities in tissue culture models of neurodegenerative disease. Maher found th...

Experimental vaccine protects mice against deadly 1918 flu virus

...NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "By building upon earlier research where scientists successfully reconstructed the 1918 pandemic flu strain, Dr. Nabel and his colleagues have demonstrated that this virus is vulnerable to intervention. This knowledge will help further our continued efforts to develop...

Researchers barcode DNA of Venice museum's vast fungi collection

...around 450 base pairs to 900 base pairs, depending upon the taxa from which it is sampled. "If you're going to cross-compare species, you've got to amplify the same region," said Sarah Bergemann, the post-doctoral researcher in ecosystem science who is heading the lab analysis work at UC Berkeley. Berg...

Bitter taste identifies poisons in foods

...of the veggies are a double-edged sword, depending upon the physiological context of the individual eating them. Most people in industrialized cultures can and should enjoy these foods. In addition to providing essential nutrients and vitamins, many are reported to have anti-cancer properties." Lead ...

Brains can recover from alcoholic damage but patients should stop drinking as soon as possible

...resonance imaging (MRI) and proton MR-spectroscopy upon admission and after short-term sobriety. Only the ...s to superimpose the images of the patients?brains upon follow-up on to the images of the brains at the start of the study so that they could see any morpho...

Malaria vaccine prompts victims' immune system to eliminate parasite from mosquitoes

...aria-carrying mosquito, after the mosquito has fed upon the blood of the vaccinated individual. The vaccine would not prevent or limit malarial disease in the person who received it. An article describing this work was published on the Web site of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The v...

Buildup of damaged DNA in cells drives aging

...t is to repair damage that is constantly inflicted upon our genes, even through the simple act of breathing." The study found that a key similarity between the progeria-like, or progeroid, mice and naturally old mice is the suppression of genes that control metabolic pathways promoting growth, includin...

Different strategies underlie the ecology of microbial invasions

...cteria can be killed by their own phage parasites, upon their death they release a burst of infectious parasites that can kill competitor bacteria. Unlike chemical killing, released parasites trigger an epidemic among susceptible competitors, which become factories producing more parasites. Amplification ...

Molecular 'on/off switch' controls immune defenses against viruses

...e hepatitis C virus turns on human immune defenses upon entering the body but also turns off those defenses by manipulating interaction of key cellular proteins, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have found. This same molecular "on/off switch" controls immunity against many viruses, highlighti...

Protein shown to rally biological clock

...CN using a multielectrode array with 60 electrodes upon which they place SCN cells, a “clock in a dish.? They also recorded gene expression in real-time using a bioluminescent reporter of gene activity. Using drugs or genetic knock out mice, they negated the role of GABA and recorded the electrical act...

Plants' role in global warming re-examined

...lobal change over the next several decades depends upon having a thorough understanding of multiple interacting factors, including plant respiration. "The fact is that plants adapt to higher temperatures and their levels of respiration adjust downward." While some previous climate-carbon simulations hav...

Vaccine combined with short-term postexposure antibiotics protects monkeys from inhalational anthrax

...ous, gastrointestinal, and inhalational--depending upon the route of exposure. Inhalational anthrax--the type likely to occur following a bioterrorist attack--is difficult to diagnose early, and despite antibiotic therapy, has a high fatality rate. In addition, because anthrax spores can remain in the bo...

Adults who go to bed lonely get stress hormone boost next morning

... Cortisol levels are generally high immediately upon waking, increase in the first 30 minutes after waking and then decline to low values at bedtime. Adam, with her colleagues John T. Cacioppo and Louise C. Hawkley at the University of Chicago, and Brigitte M. Kudielka from the University of Trier, ...

New study calculates millions of years saved in lives of AIDS patients

...atients in the U.S. received appropriate treatment upon diagnosis." In an accompanying editorial, Sten H. Vermund, MD, PhD, of Vanderbilt University observed that the benefits of HAART suggested by this study are greater than previously thought and may become still greater if certain barriers to care can...

US infant mortality rate fails to improve

...or of the March of Dimes. "We must be more focused upon reversing the stagnancy in the rate of infant mortality, a key indicator of child health, including working to reduce preterm and low birthweight births." Birthweight and gestational age are two major predictors of infant health and survival. In 200...

Triple threat polymer captures and releases

...xture, thus creating a heterogeneous coating that, upon close examination, reveals treacherous nanometer-sized terrain composed of mountains and valleys, ranging from hard to soft, hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The complex surface that is created makes it difficult for marine organisms to establish a toehol...

The brain, traffic and nano-circuits -- e-Science takes on major challenges

...fessor Colin Ingram at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, will harness e-Science techniques to enable neuroscientists, working on different aspects of brain function at different labs, to share and integrate their data and models. Neuroscientists use many different techniques to unravel the proc...

Methane-belching bugs inspire a new theory of the origin of life on Earth

... new, "thermodynamic" theory of evolution improves upon both previous theories by proposing a central role for energy conservation during early evolution, based on a simple three-step biochemical mechanism. Their results also provide insights into the evolution of the microbial production of methane, the...

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