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Tag: "upon" at biology news

Veterinary scientists explore poultry virus as cancer killer

...have an interferon antiviral system that activates upon infection with NDV thereby preventing replication of the virus, explains Dr. Subbiah. Cancer cells, however, have defective interferon antiviral systems, he said. NDV utilizes the defects to replicate in the diseased cells. The replication of NDV lea...

Imaging pinpoints brain regions that 'see the future'

...future event, an activity based within and reliant upon the same neurally distributed network used to retr...membering the past and envisioning the future draw upon many of the same neural mechanisms. Previous speculation has been based largely on the anecdotal obs...

New details on how the immune system recognizes influenza

Drawing upon a massive database established with funds from the... need to focus our attention." The analysis drew upon a much larger effort called the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resources Program, which began ...

Horse genome assembled

... the domestic horse genome began in 2006, building upon a 10-year collaborative effort among an international group of scientists to use genomics to address important health issues for equines, known as the Horse Genome Project ( www.uky.edu/Ag/Horsemap/ ). The horse whose DNA was used in the sequencing e...

Study finds surfing safer than soccer

...a floor with a sandy bottom is much more forgiving upon impact than one covered with reefs or rocks," says Nathanson. The paper cites that establishing an injury rate for surfing is not just of academic or general interest, but also has implications for the insurance industry and for schools that may w...

Female Antarctic seals give cold shoulder to local males

...ssible. The behaviours that we observe will impact upon the genetic diversity of fur seal populations and may have helped them recover so successfully from near extinction only 100 years ago. This could in turn affect how well they respond to future challenges such as climate change." Antarctic fur sea...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

... cells." Sampathkumar and his colleagues built upon 20-year-old findings that a short-chain fatty acid called butyrate can slow the spread of cancer cells. In the 1980s, researchers discovered that butyrate, which is formed naturally at high levels in the digestive system by symbiotic bacteria that fe...

When your brain talks, your muscles don't always listen

...n at the command center, the spinal cord, billions upon billions of nerve cells, and thousands of muscle fibers. "Muscles are the driving force behind our movements," Knight said. "Every time they get a command from the neurons, the muscle fibers contract. In the generation of muscular force, the small...

Scientists find hormone activity explains adolescent mood swings

...ecause the expression of the receptor is dependent upon hormonal transitions, such as those that occur at puberty. This new finding of a change in the effect of a stress hormone sheds new light on the "mood swings" of puberty....

Analysis of rhesus monkey genome uncovers genetic differences with humans, chimps

...ector Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. "As we build upon the foundation laid by the Human Genome Project, it has become clear that comparing our genome with the genomes of other organisms is crucial to identifying what makes the human genome unique." The rhesus, because of its response to the simian imm...

Shedding new light on proteorhodopsin

...ns, the average cell velocity increased 70-percent upon green light illumination. In the control study, normal E. coli cells, which do not not express proteorhodopsin, had no response to the green light. The next step in this work, Liphardt said, is to optimize the amount of light that can be collected ...

Early-stage sperm cells created from human bone marrow

...(NESCI), based at the Centre for Life in Newcastle upon Tyne. For the experiment, Prof Nayernia and his team took bone marrow from male volunteers and isolated the mesenchymal stem cells. These cells have previously been found to grow into other body tissues such as muscle. They cultured these cel...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...ger that is produced by cells of the immune system upon activation, plays a role in tumor relapse. In humans, interferon gamma is also produced by white blood cells of the immune system in response to invasion by pathogens or tumors in order to protect the host against infection or cancers. Production of ...

Novel antigen-cloning technique may boost efforts to develop a melanoma vaccine

... cancer cells, they don't have the ability to call upon the full capabilities of the immune system, as do the helper T cells." The new tumor antigen discovered in her lab, RPL8, is an ideal vaccine candidate because it has the potential for eliciting both helper T cells and CTL responses, Herlyn says. ...

'Night owls' report more insomnia-related symptoms

...orning, intermediate and evening chronotypes based upon scores on the Morningness-Eveningness Composite Scale. Group comparisons were made on self-report measures of nocturnal sleep, sleep period variability and waking correlates and consequences of insomnia. Compared to the morning and intermediate t...

New cell type identified in cancer development

...ither remain benign or become malignant, depending upon environmental cues. The finding may help define the role of cancer stem cells in the growth and recurrence of the disease as well as offer new options for cancer prevention, detection and treatment. Current cancer stem cell theory holds that tumors...

Bats prey on nocturnally migrating songbirds

...aimed that eating feathers was no proof of preying upon birds: they suggested that giant noctules could si... The ability of giant noctules to prey on the wing upon nocturnally migrating passerines appears unique not only among bats but also within the whole animal...

Cheaper, better disease treatments expected from faster approach to developing antibodies

...ed the new antibody-production approach to improve upon processes used previously to identify new drugs. Drug companies have used those more time- and labor-intensive processes to develop antibodies for treating rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and other diseases. The new approach developed in collaborat...

Napoleon's mysterious death unmasked, UT Southwestern researcher says

...bers, their causes of death can only be speculated upon based on symptoms or medical reports. Instead, the ulcerated lesion on the emperor's stomach suggests a history of chronic H. pylori gastritis, which might have increased his risk of gastric cancer, Dr. Genta said. The risk might have been furth...

Scientists uncover new target in cancer mutation puzzle

...nterfering with features of cancer cells dependent upon p53 and Ras mutations. For cancer to develop, several mutations must arise and collaborate within a single cell. Ras and p53 mutations are particularly dangerous, implicated in colon, pancreas, lung and other cancers. Ras is part of a family that ...

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