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Tag: "until" at biology news

Chemists create 'Superbowl' molecule; May lead to better health

... trying to capture certain molecules and hold them until they're ready for release, the researcher says. Superbowl molecules are similar in function to buckyballs, the experimental soccer-ball shaped molecules also known as fullerenes (C60), which also show promise for drug delivery and other useful appli...

Growth in the sea comes down to a struggle for iron

... answer goes back to the 1930s. However, it wasn't until 1989 in the journal Nature that oceanographer John Martin reported the first series of iron experiments that indicated iron was indeed the missing ingredient. And he went further than that. Since growing plants absorb carbon dioxide, a powerful green...

Poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

...arvard Medical School. "The effect doesn't show up until later on -- usually not until adolescence or adulthood. "Many people believe we don't have much of a prenatal nourishment problem...

Controversial drug shown to act on brain protein to cut alcohol use

...analysis, the researchers provided alcohol to rats until theyhad become "experienced" daily drinkers. They then withheld alcohol fortwo weeks, which normally leads to greatly increased drinking when whenalcohol is again available. When they administered Ibogaine, they foundthat the heightened craving and c...

Antarctic ice shelf retreats happened before

...o flood into the lake. The ice shelf didn't reform until 1500 years later, and has been present ever since. The findings are particularly relevant for other studies on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet where scientists have found that a relatively warm current, Circumpolar Deep Water, is causing high melt rate...

Newly-discovered class of genes determines ?and restricts ?stem cell fate

...ll's fate and put a hold on future differentiation until the time is right. Understanding the molecular control of these genes has implications for therapies that involve tissue regeneration. The researchers found that Pax3, a gene critical in embryonic development of melanocytes ?cells that make and stor...

Researchers Uncover Key Step In Manufacture of Memory Protein

...he proBDNF winds through the endoplasmic reticulum until it reaches another structure within the cell, the ...ed to the cell’s outer membrane, where they remain until they are ready to be secreted. Once the cell receives an electrical signal from another neuron, thes...

Combination therapy boosts effectiveness of telomere-directed cancer cell death

...th every cell division,telomeres get a bit shorter until eventually they become so short thatthe enzymes that copy DNA for cell division no longer work properly andthe cell stops dividing. In a sense, telomeres function as a kind ofcounting mechanism that regulates how many times a cell can divide.In contr...

GATA: a graphic alignment tool for comparative sequence analysis

...th every cell division,telomeres get a bit shorter until eventually they become so short thatthe enzymes that copy DNA for cell division no longer work properly andthe cell stops dividing. In a sense, telomeres function as a kind ofcounting mechanism that regulates how many times a cell can divide.In contr...

Study finds more than one-third of human genome regulated by RNA

...RNA are newcomers to biological research. Itwasn't until 2000 that researchers even knew that microRNAs existed inhumans. Now, in the January 14 edition of the journal Cell, BenjaminLewis, a graduate student working jointly with Whitehead's Bartel andMIT associate professor of biology Christopher Burge, pr...

The secret lives of whales

...hown remarkable resilience to cataclysmic events - until the last one ?which is us,?says Palumbi. “Ice ages, sea level change and even loss of local food sources did not interrupt their lives. Living in a fluid environment they could move to new areas of productivity and find food even as the climate aroun...

NYU researchers simulate molecular biological clock

...RNA are newcomers to biological research. Itwasn't until 2000 that researchers even knew that microRNAs existed inhumans. Now, in the January 14 edition of the journal Cell, BenjaminLewis, a graduate student working jointly with Whitehead's Bartel andMIT associate professor of biology Christopher Burge, pr...

Dinosaur DNA? New Patent Covers Degraded DNA recovery

...ply the genetic material. That process is repeated until the genetic material is substantially representative -- at microscopic levels -- of the species from which the degraded sample was obtained. Dr. Ensley and his team hope to apply this new technology to products they will make available later this ye...

Gene therapy converts dead bone graft to new, living tissue

...ling, and those tiny fractures begin to accumulate until finally, perhaps in 10 years, the implanted section collapses, and more drastic surgery becomes necessary." To make the transplanted bone more robust, Schwarz looked into the activity of the genes and proteins that govern its health. His team replac...

Molecular machine may lead to new drugs to combat human diseases

...elop new drugs, Golden said. Introns were unknown until the late 1970s, and scientists are still investigating their function. Crystallization of the complex is one tool to determine their purpose. Two intron structures in different stages of the cycle have been crystallized previously, and the targeted ...

Needling Chromosomes Reveals Cell Division Secret

... initially separate at their centers, zippingapart until they are entirely separate. Then, they can be drawn to theopposite poles of the dividing cell. The experiments also revealed thatit is the erosion of linkages between the chromatids, and not anytension exerted by the spindle, that causes the chromati...

Plant hemoglobins: Oxygen handlers critical for nitrogen fixation

...obins are also present in plants and bacteria, but until now the physiological role of plant hemoglobins has been unclear. A group of researchers reveal this week that one such mysterious plant hemoglobin serves to assist in the fixation of nitrogen in the root nodules of legumes through a process that is ...

Critical role in programmed cell death identified

...nt for cell death or a byproduct has been unclear, until now. Conradt and her colleagues determined that mitochondrial fragmentation is required for cells to die and that the process that commits cells to the point of no return happens quickly. Conradt said it's the clearest confirmation yet that mitochon...

Genetically modified natural killer immune cells attack, kill leukemia cells

...o overcome significant technical hurdles that have until now slowed development of NK-based therapies for ALL, according to Dario Campana, M.D., Ph.D., a member of St. Jude Hematology-Oncology and Pathology, and senior author of the Blood report. Progress in adapting NK cells to the treatment of ALL had be...

Deficiency of growth hormone and IGF-1 reduces cancer and kidney disease, but creates other problems

...crease in lifespan. All animals in the study lived until they died of natural causes. The researchers used several tests to measure memory and learning. They found that growth-hormone-deficient rats had impaired learning ability compared to normal animals of the same age. A similar pattern occurred in mem...

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