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Tag: "understanding" at biology news

Cytoplasm affects the number of vertebrae in carp-goldfish clones

...ross-species transplantation will lead to improved understanding of the contributions of the nucleus and egg cytoplasm to the growth and development of vertebrates. ...

Learning to fight an adversary that won't stay down

...to the problem, says Dr. Davies. He adds that our understanding of the activity of microbes must extend beyond the newspaper headlines reporting outbreaks of these "superbugs," so that we can put the role of these organisms in the proper evolutionary perspective. This subject, and antibiotic resistance in particu...

Scientists find missing enzyme for tuberculosis iron scavenging pathway

...mpted the search for new drug targets and a better understanding of the mechanism of resistance in this bacterium. Several spans of DNA in the M. tuberculosis genome have been annotated as antibiotic resistance genes due to their sequence similarity to existing antibiotic resistance genes. Dr. Edward N. Baker of ...

Scientists seek answers on what activates deadly anthrax spores

...est's Center for Structural Biology, added, "Basic understanding of the regulatory signals that promote germination will enable discoveries leading to drugs that block the process." The research is being paid for by a $152,687 grant from the Southeast Regional Center of Excellence in Biodefense and Emerging Infec...

Antibiotic Resistant Bacterium Uses Sonar-like Strategy to “See?Enemies or Prey

...o antibiotics, making them less severe.Based on an understanding of how this toxin system works, we hope todevelop toxin inhibitors,?says Gilmore.The third area of interest is currently science fiction, says Gilmore.“If bacteria can see cells in the environment, maybe we can tame thesebacteria and engineer this sy...

Clam embryo study shows pollutant mixture adversely affects nerve cell development

...icology and Pharmacology, is the first step toward understanding howexposure to BCE might affect human nerve cell development--knowledgethat may one day provide clues about such neurological mysteries asautism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Totest her hypothesis, MBL scientist Caro...

Study identifies predictors of HIV drug resistance in patients beginning triple therapy

...icology and Pharmacology, is the first step toward understanding howexposure to BCE might affect human nerve cell development--knowledgethat may one day provide clues about such neurological mysteries asautism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Totest her hypothesis, MBL scientist Caro...

New Clues Add 40,000 Years to Age of Human Species

...somewhat more controversial, and more critical, to understanding the dawn of Homo sapiens. Since the 1980s, almost everyone agreed that our ancestors originated on the African continent, but they differed on when modern humans first evolved, how humans dispersed to populate the globe, and what happened when, or ...

A bacterial genome reveals new targets to combat infectious disease

...mplete its life cycle within its human host. Thus, understanding the details of this relationship may help identify new strategies for controlling diseases caused by filarial nematodes. In a new study published in the freely-available online journal PLoS Biology, Barton Slatko and colleagues present the complete D...

Gene variations explain drug dose required to control seizures

... SCN1A variant may be of particular importance for understanding patient response to drug treatment, said the resea... metabolizing enzymes are good starting points for understanding variation among patients in drug response." In Parkinson's disease, for example, a pharmacogenetic ...

Needling Chromosomes Reveals Cell Division Secret

...Paliulis andBruce Nicklas report their progress in understanding how the pairs ofchromosomes in each cell manage to...ppropriate time during celldivision. However, that understanding was based on biochemicalexperiments that revealed when the "glue" protein called cohesin thatholds c...

Protein Packages Found To Activate Genes; May Be What Regulates Development And Disease

...lex living organism. HOX genes are also vital for understanding the way that people get certain cancers. "Many of the proteins that regulate these genes can suppress or enhance tumor growth," Bernstein notes. "Some of the genes can cause cancer directly when altered by mutations." "The work we're doing now is ve...

New research questions basic tenet of neuron function

...drives of sleep, appetite and sexuality. A better understanding of such fundamental mechanisms of neurotransmitter release will aid researchers in their investigations of psychiatric disorders and neurological disorders such as mental retardation, autism, depression and epilepsy, all of which have been linked to ...

Vital step in cellular migration described by UCSD medical researchers

...ne place. Until now, researchers have had limited understanding of the molecular mechanism that inhibits Rac activity in the back of the cell, to maintain directional movement. In laboratory experiments with human and animal cells, the UCSD team discovered that the alpha4 integrin recruits enzymes that block Rac ...

Weill Cornell Research Reveals Secrets Of Trafficking Within Cells

...id. "This new methodology, coupled with our better understanding of clathrin, should really help crack this field wide open." The study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Irma T. Hirschl Trust. Co-researchers included Dr. Charles T. Yokoyama and Howard S. Moskowitz, both of the D...

New Study from Affymetrix Laboratories Points to Changing View of How Genome Works

...ver new drug targets, new biomarkers, and a better understanding of disease mechanism. This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal Funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract number N01-CO-12400. About Tiling Arrays: Affymetrix "tiling" arrays mark a...

Open microfluidic and nanofluidic systems

...opment of any new technology requires a systematic understanding of the underlying physics. This latter constraint applies to all length scales: if one wanted to build a robot which walks over water, for instance, a human-like robot is a bad idea while a spider-like robot is a much better choice. ### Original wo...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

...sion in cancer." The researchers note that better understanding the mechanisms underlying RNAi could help transform what has been a research tool into a powerful therapeutic tool. Although the process has worked well in studies of cultured human cells, it has not yet been effective for experimentally suppressing ...

Same mutation aided evolution in many fish species, Stanford study finds

...ter lakes and streams, they are an ideal model for understanding how animals adapt to their unique environments. The recent work carries a few surprises. Kingsley said that the gene in question, called Eda, is an old friend to laboratory researchers who have found that mutations in the same gene in mice cause alt...

Papers of DNA Pioneer and Nobel Laureate Francis Crick Added to National Library of Medicine’s Profiles in Science Web Site

... DNA and into the genetic code made possible a new understanding of heredity at the molecular level. “Major curren...iological molecules through X-ray analysis; to our understanding of protein synthesis; to the deciphering of the genetic code by which hereditary information is stor...

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