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Tag: "underlie" at biology news

Why is the heart heart-shaped?

...chamber curvatures. Disruption of this balance may underlie the aberrations observed in some types of heart disease. ...

Brain networks strengthened by closing ion channels

...n said the excessive opening of HCN channels might underlie many lapses in higher cognitive function. Stress, for example, appears to flood PFC neurons with cAMP, which opens HCN channels, temporarily disconnects networks, and impairs higher cognitive abilities. There is also evidence that this pathway may...

Prenatal cocaine's lasting cellular effects

...sting that the altered D1 receptor trafficking may underlie the changes in neuronal architecture and behavior that Stanwood and others have previously observed. What remains to be determined, he cautioned, is whether D1 receptor localization is affected in humans exposed to cocaine prenatally. If foun...

Angelman syndrome deficits rescued in mice

... which is important in the cellular processes that underlie learning and memory. They found that, in Angelman syndrome, CaMKII activity was reduced due to an inhibitory chemical modification (phosphorylation). Because of CaMKII's prominent role in neuronal function, Weeber suspected that this might account...

Wired for sound: How the brain senses visual illusions

...he timing and location of the brain processes that underlie this illusory effect ?the illusion of seeing two flashes in the presence of two auditory signals, when only one flash actually occurs ?can reveal how information from different senses are integrated in the brain. The study of 34 subjects was car...

Metacognition: Faced with a test, rats can check their knowledge first

... the neuroanatomical and molecular mechanisms that underlie metacognition. ...

'Guardian of the genome' protein found to underlie skin tanning

...s skin to tan in response to sunlight, it may also underlie people's desire to spend time in the sun. The same process that causes POMC to produce alpha-MSH also leads to the production of b-endorphin, a protein that binds to the body's opiate receptors and may be associated with feelings of pleasure. "Eve...

Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill

...onserved from sea slugs to rodents, are thought to underlie these two components. While modifications of pre-existing proteins are sufficient for the transient changes, new gene expression is required for those that are sustained," the researchers said, emphasizing that a gene's expression depends on both its...

A 'traffic light' for neurons means 'go' for improving brain research

... timescale to see if impairments in these dynamics underlie severe psychiatric symptoms," said National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Elias A. Zerhouni. "The work is also a prime example of the highly innovative approaches to major challenges in biomedical research that we support through the NIH Direct...

In young mice, gregariousness seems to reside in the genes

... foundation for understanding the motivations that underlie acts of altruism. Moreover, the work may also help influence the development of new, more effective drugs to treat depression, addiction and autism. "We are quite confident it is genetic," says Jules B. Panksepp, a UW-Madison neuroscience graduate...

Decoding protein structures helps illuminate cause of diabetes

...ical protein mis-folding and assembly that seem to underlie a host of human disorders, including diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Now, chemists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have designed a powerful analytical tool capable of measuring molecular structures quickly and accurately enough to catch...

Herpes infection may be symbiotic, help beat back some bacteria

...rch to better understand the exact mechanisms that underlie the process," Virgin says. He suspects that the virus may be prompting the immune system to produce more interferon gamma to keep itself from emerging from latency. If the virus stays latent, it prevents itself from seriously endangering the host ...

Researchers publish first marsupial genome sequence

... marsupials —that is, the genetic factors that may underlie many of the differences between the two types of mammals. Interestingly, about one-fifth of the key functional elements in the human genome arose during this relatively recent evolutionary period. By focusing on the recent genetic innovations, th...

Mice with a migraine show signs of brain damage

...cortical spreading depression, which is thought to underlie many migraines. Even though the brain’s arteries expand dramatically and make a great deal more oxygen-rich blood available to meet the demand for energy, some parts of the brain still wind up experiencing severe oxygen shortage, or hypoxia. This ...

Brain holds clues to bipolar disorder

...tterns of abnormalities in the neural systems that underlie emotional processing and cognitive control unique to the bipolar brain. Such abnormalities are valuable biomarkers for the illness and have the potential to help clinicians diagnose bipolar disorder earlier and more efficiently. Dr. Phillips also wil...

Loss of stem cells correlates with premature aging in animal study

...d mutations in proteins in the DNA damage response underlie certain types of cancer and other disorders in humans. This work appears in the inaugural issue of Cell Stem Cell. “The reason we’re seeing the early signs of aging in these mice is that we’re exhausting their ability to renew tissues,” says Eric ...

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