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Tag: "ultraviolet" at biology news

Heal thyself: Systems biology model reveals how cells avoid becoming cancerous

... the body's ability to repair DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light is disabled, ataxia telangiectasia, a progressive, neurodegenerative childhood disease, Werner syndrome, a premature aging disorder, and others. "DNA damage is a basic physiological process that is important to coping with environmental toxins...

Sticky surfaces turn slippery with the flip of a molecular light switch

...alters its surface characteristics when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. The new material, which is described in the June 19 issue of the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, could have a wide variety of applications, from a protein filter for biological mixtures to a tiny valve on a "lab-on-a-chip...

Atmospheric ozone recovering in mid-latitudes, report shows

...heric ozone -- which protects Earth from the sun's ultraviolet radiation -- are showing signs of recovery in the most important regions of the stratosphere above the mid-latitudes in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres, a new study shows. Researchers attribute the improvement to both a reduction in ozone...

Scientists find Antarctic ozone hole to recover later than expected

...rtant because it blocks 90-99 percent of the sun's ultraviolet radiation from making contact with Earth. This solar radiation can cause skin cancer, genetic damage, eye damage and can impact marine life. "My job is to track ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons around the globe on a weekly basis," said Steven Mon...

Biomarkers may hone anti-aging therapies

...sues or if they are specific to tissues exposed to ultraviolet light." Either way, the newly identified biomarkers will provide another tool for studying mitochondrial damage that contributes to aging and cancer, and for screening compounds that prevent or reverse the process, Sligh said. ...

Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions

...DNA lesions, including those caused by exposure to ultraviolet light." DNA needs constant repair because of the damage from a variety of sources that occurs to its base pairs of nucleotides. It is estimated that in every human cell more than 10,000 DNA bases are repaired each day, making NER critically importan...

Stable polymer nanotubes may have a biotech future

...ent cell with an "optical scalpel" (highly focused ultraviolet laser pulse). The nanotubes maintain their shape even after several weeks of storage, and can be removed from the liquid solution and placed on a dry surface or in a different container. The optical tweezers can be used to custom build nanotube netwo...

'Shuttling' protein possibly key to resilience of cancer cells

...er stem cells, but also that exposing the cells to ultraviolet light induced more production of c-Jun protein in the nucleus, causing the ATF2 to bind with c-Jun, stopping the shuttling process and causing cell death. The c-Jun-ATF2 heterodimers cause more c-Jun protein to be produced, attracting more ATF2 and r...

A bathroom that cleans itself

...eaning windows. The particles work by absorbing ultraviolet light below a certain wavelength, exciting electrons and giving the particles an oxidising quality stronger than any commercial bleach. These nanoparticles then kill microbes and break down organic compounds. And because surfaces coated with titaniu...

Sea coral's trick helps scientists tag proteins

...o. "All known Kaede-like proteins are sensitive to ultraviolet light irradiation, which results in immediate conv...t proteins." Sergey Lukyanov pointed out that the ultraviolet light required to activate many PAFPs can be toxic to cells, and can dramatically alter their bioche...

Behavioral studies show UV contributes to marsupial color vision

... of marsupial color vision includes sensitivity to ultraviolet wavelengths. In the study, researchers employed behavioral tests to show that at least one type of marsupial uses its detection of UV light as part of its ability to discriminate between colors. The new work is reported by a group including Dr. Cat...

Mayo Clinic collaboration discovers protein amplifies DNA injury signals

...aged by environmental and chemical sources such as ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoke, and other natural and artificial toxins. These create injury sites or lesions. In healthy situations, DNA repair signal pathways are competently monitoring for damage and alerting the repair system when DNA lesions are det...

UC Berkeley researchers create a biologically-inspired artificial compound eye

...in that cures into a hardened form when exposed to ultraviolet light. They poured the resin into the dimpled molds, baked it at a low temperature just long enough to slightly harden the material, then turned out the contents: little resin hemispheres with a surface packed with 8,700 raised mounds. When struck by...

Cellular scale drug delivery from the inside out

...antage of using a magnetic trigger as opposed to a ultraviolet light trigger is that there's no limit to the depth of tissue we are able to probe ?think of an MRI." Beyond the possibilities for intercellular drug delivery, the nanospheres may provide the key to studying what takes place within a cell. Currently...

GROWing the next generation of water recycling plants

...m will also investigate whether the addition of an ultraviolet light can enhance the disinfection of the water. They hope to market GROW commercially in the second half of 2006. GROW is one project in a much larger EPSRC-funded Sustainable Water Management programme (WaND) that Professor Butler oversees at Impe...

Microbes under Greenland Ice may be preview of what scientists find under Mars' surface

...ugh methane has been detected in Mars' atmosphere, ultraviolet light from the sun would have broken down the amount observed in about 300 years if some process was not replenishing the methane, Price noted. While interaction of carbon-bearing fluid with basaltic rock might be responsible, methanogens might inste...

Discovering the first steps in transcription-coupled repair

... loss of ability to repair damage to DNA caused by ultraviolet radiation throughout the genome, whereas in CS the... multiple skin cancers. If carefully shielded from ultraviolet light, for example by window filters and protective clothing, many XP sufferers can lead seemingly n...

Free-energy theory borne out in large-scale protein folding

...Using spectroscopy, they captured fluorescence and ultraviolet polarization patterns given off by the proteins as they folded. "The novelty of this work is the direct and quantitative comparison of the time-dependent simulation data with the experimental measurements from circular dichroism and tryptophan fluor...

The right drug at the right time

... have the ability to absorb high-energy photons of ultraviolet light and re-emit them as photons of visible light. They glow different colors, depending on the size, shifting from the red to the blue end of the spectrum as the crystals get smaller. The reproducible synthesis of high-quality quantum dots became...

Method slashes quantum dot costs by 80 percent

... have the ability to absorb high-energy photons of ultraviolet light and re-emit them as photons of visible light. They glow different colors, depending on the size, shifting from the red to the blue end of the spectrum as the crystals get smaller. The reproducible synthesis of high-quality quantum dots became...

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