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Tag: "ultraviolet" at biology news

Survival of the rarest: Fruit flies shed light on the evolution of behavior

... with a green fluorescent protein that glows under ultraviolet light. Then, over the course of a year, Fitzpatrick sat in a darkened room for several hours a day counting glowing larvae under a microscope. The researchers found that when the fruit fly larvae were competing for food, those that did best had a ...

Researchers publish first marsupial genome sequence

...e, it is the only laboratory animal known in which ultraviolet radiation alone can cause melanoma, a type of skin...so strikes humans exposed to too much of the sun's ultraviolet rays. Having the sequence of the opossum genome will give researchers the ability to learn more abou...

Scientists see DNA get 'sunburned' for the first time

...ime, scientists have observed DNA being damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light. Ohio State University chemists and their colleagues in Germany used a special technique to watch strands of DNA in the laboratory sustain damage in real time. They observed the most common chemical reaction among a family of reactio...

'Guardian of the genome' protein found to underlie skin tanning

...ction: By prompting the skin to tan in response to ultraviolet light from the sun, it deters the development of m...ed last year, Fisher and his colleagues found that ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes skin cells called keratinocytes to make and secrete a hormone cal...

New study sheds light on 'dark states' in DNA

...building blocks of DNA and RNA -- when they absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. This is the first time scientists hav...io State chemists determined that, when excited by ultraviolet light, these three bases dissipate energy through the dark state anywhere from 10-50 percent of the ...

New bird, bat species revealed by extensive DNA barcode studies

...rian endometriosis is induced in sun-lovers by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. "It’s been a privilege for me to do my work for so long and, as a matter of fact, I wish I was able to continue doing it today," the 82-year-old professor emeritus says. "Just before my laboratory was closed, my team of res...

Cancer that colonizes our bodies

...rian endometriosis is induced in sun-lovers by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. "It’s been a privilege for me to do my work for so long and, as a matter of fact, I wish I was able to continue doing it today," the 82-year-old professor emeritus says. "Just before my laboratory was closed, my team of res...

Chemicals in brown algae may protect against skin cancer

...weed, might protect against skin cancers caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. UVB radiation in sunlight is thought responsible for 90 percent of the estimated 1.3 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer diagnosed in the United States annually. Researchers applied the BAPs to the skin of hairless mi...

Vitamin D deficiency widespread during pregnancy

...articularly in more northern latitudes, where less ultraviolet radiation reaches the Earth. Indeed, vitamin D deficiency is more than three times as common in winter than in summer for all women of childbearing age in the United States. Even so, the Pittsburgh researchers' study is cause for concern. "This st...

Gene key to taste bud development identified

...orescent protein, that glows green when exposed to ultraviolet light. "When we shine light on tissue from these animals, any cell that is expressing SOX2 will fluoresce, or light up," Pevny explained. "This allows us to directly visualize those areas where SOX2 is active. It is a very powerful tool." In thei...

Record ozone loss during 2006 over South Pole

...nlight filter shielding life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays. Over the last decade the ozone level has lowered by about 0,3% per year on a global scale, increasing the risk of skin cancer, cataracts and harm to marine life. The thinning of the ozone is caused by the presence of pollutants in the atmosp...

Rearing an army to save wheat

... his thesis project examined whether using special ultraviolet and visible light-transmitting windows increases the number of parasites. "After two years, the research shows that the added light consistently causes small increases in the number of parasitic wasps, while the food supply is probably not importa...

Selecting life: Scientists find new way to search for origin of life

...er molecular synthesis was driven by lightning and ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere or volcanic heat and chemical reactions in the deep oceans. Some of these building blocks of life were attracted to specific mineral surfaces, where they collected, concentrated, and underwent further reactions. "Some ...

Buildup of damaged DNA in cells drives aging

...tment for his condition. Extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is a hallmark of diseases caused by defective DNA repair—an important mechanism by which skin and other cell types normally cut out, or excise, damage to their DNA caused by UV light. Defects in one DNA repair mechanism, ...

Light-sensitive photoswitches could restore sight to those with macular degeneration

... by green light and turns the cell off when hit by ultraviolet light. The researchers demonstrated in 2004 that they could turn cultured nerve cells on and off with this optical switch. Since then, with UC Berkeley Professor of Vision Science and Optometry John Flannery, they've injected photoswitches into the...

Protein's role in regulating cell death sets direction for cancer research

...a cell's chromosomes are damaged by carcinogens or ultraviolet light in a way that could initiate cancer, this same programmed cell death response could save your life." Supported by an operating grant from the Canadian Institute of Health Research the first study, published online and to appear in print on Jun...

Major initiative proposed to address amphibian crisis

... the causes have been identified. Rising levels of ultraviolet radiation, increases in pollutants, pesticides, extensive habitat loss due to agriculture or urbanization, invasive species, and various fungal diseases have all been implicated. In viewing this issue, some biologists have called amphibians the "can...

University of Minnesota researchers take new look at cellular suicide

...NA occurs in response to damage, for example, from ultraviolet light, and appears to be a means of killing the ce...hat after they expose cells to damaging amounts of ultraviolet light, a form of JNK initiates both of the cellular processes that culminate in DNA destruction. In...

Infected for life

... known to involve stress, such as physical damage, ultraviolet light, hormones, or even fever. Fraser is currently testing whether HSV-2, a relative of HSV-1 that causes genital herpes, also encodes an miRNA molecule in its LAT gene. "MiRNA may be a more general mechanism that latent viruses use to remain alive...

Gene first linked to rare disease may trigger skin cancer, other tumors

...cleus, they found. Treatment with a single dose of ultraviolet light--thought to be a trigger of cylindromas--sparked the same reaction in the mutant cells, they found. "In the absence of CYLD, it is the accumulation of Bcl-3 that is the problem," Fässler said. "Bcl-3 is normally under tight regulation; it is p...

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