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Tag: "types" at biology news

Bats get the munchies too!

...ars that Egyptian fruit bats also crave particular types of sugar to reduce the effects of ethanol toxicity...ood contained either sucrose or glucose (two other types of sugar). Furthermore when the amount of ethanol in food increased the fruit bats preferred food wh...

Deconstructing brain wiring, one neuron at a time

...lt to unravel because dozens of different neuronal types are entangled within a precisely connected network...pical of a type of neuron, to see which other cell types they connect with and how those connections are configured. To do this, they need a tracer that can ...

NIDA study identifies genes that might help some people abstain from smoking

...performed a genome-wide analysis on the DNA of two types of nicotine-dependent individuals, one that was able to successfully quit the cigarette- smoking behavior and one that was not. “We identified 221 genes that distinguished successful quitters from those who were unsuccessful,?says Dr. Uhl. “We kno...

Improved predictions of warming-induced extinctions sought

... are overestimates." A critical review of the four types of model now in common use leads the team to identify various simplifying assumptions in the models that can lead to biases. The authors make eight recommendations for improving forecasts of extinction rates under global warming. The recommendation...

MIT's ocean model captures diversity of underwater forests

...ans, but adds to the virtual soup about 100 random types of phytoplankton. The model randomly generates the single-celled plants, which differ primarily in their size, and in their sensitivity to light, temperature and nutrient availability, then allows the ocean to self-select those most fit for survival ...

Researchers wake up viruses inside tumors to image and then destroy cancers

...th Epstein-Barr, including at least four different types of lymphoma and nasopharyngeal and gastric cancers. In the March 1 issue of Clinical Cancer Research, a team of radiologists and oncologists from Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions describe how they used two agents already on the market ?one of whic...

In young mice, gregariousness seems to reside in the genes

...nd the differences in vocalization between the two types of mouse also segregated with genetic background. "We identified associations between types of mouse vocalizations and the extent of their social interactions," says Lahvis. "There is an assoc...

Scientists identify pancreatic cancer stem cells

...s that can self-renew and differentiate into other types of cells -- are the only ones capable of producing tumors. These "cancer stem cells," could derive from normal adult stem cells in organs that have mutated, or from a differentiated cell that has devolved to take on the qualities of stem cells. They ...

Out-of-body experiences may be caused by arousal system disturbances in brain

... sleep and wakefulness, may be the cause for these types of out-of-body displays. "We found it surprising that out-of-body experience with sleep transition seemed very much like out-of-body experience during near death," Nelson said. For their study, the team conducted structured interviews with 55 p...

Transfusion expert urges wider use of filtered blood

...udy assessing the risks and/or benefits of certain types of transfusions, because they couldn't have benefited nor could they have been harmed by a transfusion. Furthermore, some studies used data that did not reflect actual investigative results, Blumberg said. When the data was restricted to patients ...

Gut research yields new anti-cancer approach

... cells. Even for breast and lung cancer, the tumor types for which Taxol is most used, nearly 100 percent of these tumors eventually become resistant, said Alok A. Khorana, M.D., assistant professor of Medicine at the Medical Center. In cells with more drug efflux pumps, Taxol is not effective (e.g. pancre...

A 'traffic light' for neurons means 'go' for improving brain research

...power to ask what the causal role of specific cell types is in neural circuit function." Knowing the eff...ation of the brain," Zhang says. "How do different types of cells communicate with each other to carry out very complex things like emotion or how people mak...

Red flag for repetitive stress injuries identified for first time in humans

...blood tests revealed significant levels of several types of inflammatory mediators ?biomarkers ?which signaled an underlying problem," said Barr. "Also, the more severe the injury, the more biomarkers there were." Future research by the team will look deeper into the potential of biomarkers as indicator...

Changes in amino acids in the 1918 influenza virus cut transmission

...enario. Groups of ferrets were infected with three types of influenza viruses; two from existing viral strains related to the 1918 flu and taken from human tissue, and the third, which was artificially created in a laboratory and made to look like avian flu. One virus bound to only alpha-2,6, the second bo...

Researchers identify gene involved in dog size

...dogs today exhibit an extremely wide range of body types and behaviors. In fact, dogs exhibit the greatest diversity in body size of any mammalian species. In their study, researchers explored the genetic basis for size variation among dogs by comparing the DNA of various small dog breeds, including Chi...

Penn researchers show how nanocylinders deliver medicine better than nanospheres

...lnesses as cardiovascular disease as well as other types of cancers. This discovery is also helping scientists understand why some viruses are so effective. "Cylindrical delivery systems exist in nature, with two prime examples being the Ebola virus and the H5N1 Influenza virus," says Discher. "These f...

Researchers learn what sparks plant growth

...llance of cellular communication between different types of plant tissues, shows clearly for the first time how plants "decide" to grow. The research, conducted by Sigal Savaldi-Goldstein and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Joanne Chory at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, puts to re...

Researchers identify ovarian cancer biomarkers

...tumor. Biomarkers are also seen in other cancer types as a potential screening tool. A new way of detecting ovarian cancer could make a significant dent in this disease, where 70 percent of patients are diagnosed after the tumor has grown large or spread. There are few or no symptoms early in the diseas...

Study calculates patient time costs associated with cancer care

...se on more than 760,000 patients with 11 different types of cancer and from 1.1 million Medicare enrollees without cancer. Using data from 1995 to 2001, they estimated each patient's time spent at physician and emergency room visits, chemotherapy treatments, radiation therapy, hospitalizations, outpatient ...

Type of stem cell found to reside in transplanted lungs

...can differentiate into only limited number of cell types such as bone, cartilage and fat cells. However, previous laboratory studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of these cells in various diseases, such as models of heart attacks and pulmonary fibrosis. The current study of MSCs included 172 ...

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