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Tag: "types" at biology news

New vaccine prevents CMV infection and disease in mice

...ith persistent or latent infections, including all types of herpes-associated diseases, AIDS, or hepatitis,” said Spector. These viruses persist because immune responses generated by the viral infection are not able to eradicate the virus....

Genome of Clostridium botulinum reveals the background to world's deadliest toxin

...nt of these in C. botulinum." There are several types of C. botulinum: although described as variants of a single species, they are really very different organisms linked simply because they have the deadly toxin. For each type, there is also a near-identical but harmless relative that lacks the toxin. ...

HIV and malaria combine to adversely affect pregnant women and their infants

...more effective vaccines designed to generate these types of protective antibodies."...

Eavesdropping comes naturally to young song sparrows

... 10 songs, and the tutors in the study had no song types in common. That meant the young birds heard 40 different songs. The young birds were rotated between two rooms, each of which housed two of the adult tutors. The young sparrows, which had not begun to sing, were exposed to the tutor for four days ...

Moths mimic sounds to survive

...s research for four years. In the study, other types of moths that were similar in size to the sound-emitting moths, but did not make sounds, were gobbled up by the bats. The researcher trained free-flying bats to hunt moths in view of two high-speed infrared video cameras to record predator-prey in...

How to look at dinosaur tracks

...ide for interpreting the effects of many different types of erosion on these invaluable impressions. “Well-preserved vertebrate tracks in the rock record can be an invaluable source of information about foot morphology, soft tissue distribution, and skin texture,?write Jesper Milàn (Geological Institute, ...

Salk scientists hammer out a pathway that promotes muscle cell survival in mice

...plays in maintaining cell survival in other tissue types and in other species." Indeed, all mammals have SIK1, not just mice, and even worms and fruit flies use variations of the enzyme. And as Montminy adds, "Application of this same pathway over and over across species further emphasizes its importan...

'Insulator' helps silence genes in dormant herpes virus

...e implications for treating and manipulating other types of viruses, Zhou says. "This study provides one of first examples of how viral chromatin is organized in a very similar way to host chromatin," Zhou says. "Learning more about the similarities and differences in these chromatin structures may help...

Gene malfunctions cause schizophrenia, depression symptoms in mice

... an antidepressant, found the researchers. Both types of DISC1 mutant mice exhibited the same kind of re... and depression, the researchers found. Also, both types showed biochemical abnormalities in the function of the protein produced by the DISC1 gene. The r...

Master regulatory gene of epithelial stem cells identified

...causing the cells to differentiate into particular types of tissue. The study, which was lead by Frank McKeon, PhD, professor of cell biology at Harvard Medical School (HMS), shows that p63’s role in not in tissue differentiation but rather to impart "stemness" to the regenerative cells in these tissues. ...

Corals -- More complex than you?

...r corals use all those genes to produce only 12-14 types of body cells. Humans, on the other hand, have developed hundreds, even thousands of different cell types. A possible explanation for this, Prof. Miller believes, is that coral genes may interact with each other in far less complex ways. Humans,...

Anthrax paralyzes immune cells with lethal toxin, UF research shows

...dings may also explain how anthrax paralyzes other types of cells, like the platelets that normally help blood clot. "We know that patients with anthrax bleed," Southwick said, adding that victims of inhalational anthrax often suffer hemorrhages in their lungs and lymph nodes. "No one understands why, a...

Molecule that destroys bone also protects it, new research shows

..., immunologists believed there were only two major types of "T helper" cells -- TH1 and TH2 -- which were believed to be responsible for nearly all immune system activities. "This paradigm underwent a sea change in 2005 with the discovery of a new type of T cell that produces IL-17, now called TH-17," ...

Survival of the rarest: Fruit flies shed light on the evolution of behavior

...nism that favours the persistence of both of these types in nature. Doctoral student Mark Fitzpatrick ra...sically identical, Fitzpatrick "tagged" one of the types with a green fluorescent protein that glows under ultraviolet light. Then, over the course of a year...

Researchers publish first marsupial genome sequence

...y underlie many of the differences between the two types of mammals. Interestingly, about one-fifth of the key functional elements in the human genome arose during this relatively recent evolutionary period. By focusing on the recent genetic innovations, the scientists made two major findings: Fi...

Study shows continued success for new HPV vaccine against virus responsible for cervical cancer

...er is nearly 100 percent effective against the two types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) responsible for ...eventing cervical cancer. The vaccine targets HPV types 16 and 18, which cause about 70 percent of all cases of cervical cancer. It also targets HPV types ...

Parasites' impact goes beyond host to affect ecosystem

...where researchers measured the macroalgae in three types of bottomless cages -- with no snails (control), uninfected snails, and infected snails -- they similarly saw less reduction of ephemeral algae by infected snails. But when researchers isolated ephemeral, or edible, algae, "we saw dramatic change,...

Herpes infection may be symbiotic, help beat back some bacteria

... Scientists have recognized for years that many types of bacteria and other microorganisms live in the human gut to the advantage of both the microbes and their human hosts. The results from the Virgin lab are among the first to suggest the potential for symbiotic benefits from viral infections that liv...

Left-right wiring determined by neural communication in the embryonic worm

...hat the arbitrary left-right configurations of two types of olfactory neurons are established during development. In a study released in the May 18 issue of Cell, the researchers show that embryonic worms have a system of gap junctions -- "broadband" communication channels through which cells pass many kin...

Executable biology -- Computer science sheds light on animal development

...ecursor cells differentiate into two distinct cell types in response to a series of complex biochemical signaling events. Cancer cells respond to the same cellular signals, so understanding the dynamic orchestration in the cellular environment has important implications in our understanding of cancer metas...

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