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Tag: "type" at biology news

Reversing cancer cells to normal cells

... more than 200 cell types in the adult body. Which type of cell they become depends on the signals they receive from their microenvironment. Similarly, during cancer progression, malignant cells receive and release signals from their own microenvironment, cues that promote tumor growth and metastasis. ...

Vitamin D deficiency widespread during pregnancy

...e than 50 years ago ?as well as increased risk for type 1 diabetes, asthma and schizophrenia. "A newborn's vitamin D stores are completely reliant on vitamin D from the mother," observed Dr. Bodnar, who also is an assistant investigator at the university-affiliated Magee-Womens Research Institute (MWRI...

When smell cells fail they call in stem cell reserves

...e cells; they do so by generating the other active type of nasal stem cell.? The team then went back and looked at nerve repair under less damaging circumstances where only the olfactory nerve cells are killed. In this situation, the HBCs did nothing to repair the damaged cells; rather, they allowed the...

New approach could lower antibiotic requirements by 50 times

...agazine of the SCI, that certain bacteriophages, a type of virus that infects bacteria, can boost the effectiveness of antibiotics gentamicin, gramacidin or tetracycline. It is the phages' ability to channel through bacterial cell membranes that boosts antibiotic effectiveness. 'Pseudomonas bacteria for...

A sweet step toward new cancer therapies

...n about either the protein's identity or the exact type and position of sugars present. To get around that problem, researchers have used a process called electron capture dissociation (ECD) instead of the usual "shake-it-til-it breaks" method to fragment proteins. But that method requires the presence...

Salmonella survives better in stomach due to altered DNA

...crease in the number of infections with a specific type of Salmonella bacteria transmitted via food. This type, Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104, is resistant to at least five different antibiotics. Dutch researcher Armand Hermans found new genetic information in DNA of DT104 that might be involved in...

White blood cells of cancer-resistant mice overwhelm natural defenses of cancer cells

... in a multi-pronged killing response. "Each cell type had independent killing activity against the cancer cells," the authors said, using different molecules. Macrophages, for instance, have to be in physical contact with the cancer cell before unleashing its combination of killer molecules. White blo...

A potential biological cause for sudden infant death syndrome

...risk for SIDS. They also envision a drug or other type of treatment to protect infants who have abnormali... serotonin receptors: deficiencies in a particular type of serotonin receptor (called 5HT1A), an abnormally high number of serotonergic neurons (neurons tha...

U of MN researchers turn cord blood into lung cells

...ical cord blood stem cells to differentiate into a type of lung cell. The cord blood cells differentiated into a type of lung cell called type II alveolar cells. These cells are responsible for secreting surfactant, a...

Single molecule extends fat mice lives by reversing gene pathways associated with disease in obese

...n stave off in humans age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, but only ti...hat generate mitochondria and turn muscle into the type suited for endurance. The only enzyme known to remove the acetyl chemical groups on PGC-1alpha is SI...

Global map shows new patterns of extinction risk

...ows that basing conservation decisions on just one type of animal can be very misleading. The study, out in today's issue of Nature, is the culmination of many decades of work by field biologists and analysts, during which the planet was divided up into 100km x 100km grids, and all mammal, bird and amp...

Cloned mice created from fully differentiated cells, a milestone in cloning research

...t cells that have completely evolved to a specific type not only can be used for cloning purposes, but the...earchers report they created two mouse pups from a type of blood cell that itself is incapable of dividing to produce a second generation of its own kind. ...

Dopamine used to prompt nerve tissue to regrow

...ty, discovered that he could integrate dopamine, a type of neurotransmitter, into a polymer to stimulate nerve tissues to send out new connections. The discovery is the first step toward the eventual goal of implanting the new polymer into patients suffering from neurological disorders to help repair dama...

Interaction between lymph and liver cells may affect immune response

... circulating lymphocytes, it is possible that this type of transient interaction is difficult to capture using electron microscopy. They suggest that the hepatocyte microvilli could function as a rapid screen for circulating lymphocytes, which might then decide to adhere and start the TEHLI process. "The ...

Growth factor stimulates rapid extension of key motor neurons in brain

... enhancement effect. Experiments with another type of neuron and with several different growth factors verified that axonal growth was stimulated only by IGF-1 and only in CSMN. The researchers also showed that IGF-1 enhancement of axonal growth operates separately from the growth factor's known sup...

Early-stage immune system control of HIV may depend on inherited factors

...I proteins ?has made investigating the role of HLA type in HIV infection challenging. The current study was designed to determine the contribution of both HLA Class I and the particular viral fragments displayed on those molecules to the activation of HIV-specific CD8 cells. The researchers analyzed...

OHSU researchers demonstrate how white blood cells cannibalize virus-infected cells

...ey were not fond of eating infected fibroblasts, a type of cell found in connective tissue. They're sort of like a 5-year-old who loves to eat cookies, but refuses to eat their brussels sprouts." The researchers believe that these findings may be useful as a method for determining a vaccine's effectivene...

Why don't all moles progress to melanoma?

...ve response in melanocytes varied depending on the type of oncogene being expressed in the cell. "We found that some oncogenes activated the endoplasmic reticulum, while other oncogenes didn't," Soengas says. In a previous study, Soengas and colleagues found that certain oncogenes use a different sen...

UCSF study will test new vaginal microbicide for herpes and HIV

...d commonly and was thought to be an extremely safe type of anti-microbial spermicide. But researchers found that it actually increased the rate of HIV infection in women. So now we realize that we must approach new microbicides a little more carefully," Moscicki said. According to the U.S. Centers for ...

Living view in animals shows how cells decide to make proteins

...reen fluorescent tag that would glow when a common type of silencer, called an "intronic silencer," chopped out a specific exon, called IIIb. In this way, the scientists could track whether intronic silencers were chopping out the IIIb exon -- and if so, in which tissues and organs -- or whether other ...

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