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Tag: "turning" at biology news

Prescription pain patch abuse blamed for increase in deaths

Drug abusers are increasingly turning to a slow-release form of a powerful painkiller for a quick and dangerous high, University of Florida researchers warn. The trend is raising alarm as the number of people dying from an overdose of the drug fentanyl, an opioid 100 times more potent th...

A 'dimmer switch' for genes

...ers in the protein world ?they become important in turning genes on and off, but in a way that resembles a di...caused a gradual decline in DNA binding, gradually turning a gene off. "One thing we didn't get was why Ets-1 worked differently before and after phosphorylat...

Study hints at role of stem cell genes in testicular, breast cancers

...he formation of sperm-producing germ cells. Next, turning to cancerous tissue outside of the reproductive system, in this case breast tissue, the team determined, to their surprise, that the expression of the genes was active there, too. "We thought this was going to be a phenomenon unique to germ cell tum...

Researcher says flu responders can learn from 1918 epidemic

...he way, you had symptoms like fingers and genitals turning black, and people reporting being able to literally smell the body decaying before the patient died." At the time, limited scientific and medical knowledge led some - including prominent governmental health officials -- to identify the cause of the ...

MicroRNAs have shaped the evolution of the majority of mammalian genes

...aintain the microRNA targeting sites necessary for turning down these genes at the appropriate place and time." An emerging idea is that microRNAs often act to reduce the quantity of protein a gene produces without shutting it off all together. "We think the microRNAs are sometimes having what you can call...

Master regulatory gene found that guides fate of blood-producing stem cells

...d a way to control stem-cell fate by biochemically turning NF-Ya on or off at will, to either make more stem cells in the case of bone-marrow failure and for transplantation, or to force the cells to differentiate, in the case of leukemia, where too many HSCs are made. ...

Sudden change in social status triggers genetic response in male fish, study finds

...ocial status and responds both behaviorally and by turning on genes that ultimately make him capable of reproducing," notes Fernald, the Benjamin Scott Crocker Professor of Human Biology at Stanford. This finding offers the first direct evidence that changes in social status also trigger cellular and molecu...

Mechanism for Epstein-Barr virus protein's role in blood cancers discovered

...ulation. In the nucleus, Rb normally binds to E2F, turning off genes involved with cell proliferation. Using human cell cultures infected with the Epstein-Barr virus, the investigators found that EBNA3C recruits a group of molecules called the SCF complex, which attaches ubiquitin to Rb. This inadvertently t...

Scientists discover the molecular switch for nerve cells' insulating jelly rolls

...due to injury or disease by transplanting into, or turning on, a functioning neuregulin gene in nerve cells. "Is it possible that this same switch can reprogram a nerve cell that has lost myelin due to injury or disease to repair itself? That is a key question that our laboratory and others are now actively ...

New view of cancer: 'Epigenetic' changes come before mutations

...ric conditions. Epigenetic alterations include the turning off or quieting of genes that normally suppress cancer and the turning on of oncogenes to produce proteins that set off malignant behavior. Epigenetic changes are found i...

Finding the mind's eye

...lp to explain what part of the brain is at work in turning sight into understanding. Tse, who is currently on sabbatical in Regensburg, Germany as the recipient of the prestigious Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award, conducted experiments using the phenomenon of "masking." Masking occurs when "a quickl...

OHSU discovery sheds light into how stem cells become brain cells

...is a critical signal that prevents stem cells from turning into neurons at the wrong time. However, since we can manipulate Brg1 expression in stem cells in culture, we now have a powerful way to generate neurons that could be used to replace cells lost in a variety of diseases and conditions that affect th...

Bacteria that cause tooth decay able to survive without important biochemical pathway

... out, the researchers tinkered with systematically turning off several genes, individually and in combination, to see how the bacteria responded. "We found S. mutans can survive, with normal growth, without the SRP pathway," said Adnan Hasona, Ph.D., a research assistant professor of oral biology and the st...

Expert dispels bird flu paranoia

...perly, facial and comb swelling and mouth and comb turning blue and report any worries to your local government biosecurity officer. Don't eat raw or undercooked chicken. Don't use untreated water, use clean town water or bore water. "Consumers of poultry meat and egg products should not be concerned...

Carnegie Mellon U. transforms DNA microarrays with standard Internet communications tool

...enes could be activated and we just don't see them turning on. Our protocol will offer greater overall sensitivity in detecting the expression of any gene, even if a gene turns on when no microarray sampling takes place." Bar-Joseph's procedure is based on a "check-sum" protocol initially developed to ensur...

MicroRNA may have fail-safe role in limb development

...s in healthy development not just by strategically turning off gene activity, but by making sure it stays tur...RNA within a cell - a transcription factor. "It's turning off a transcription factor in the hindlimb that is important for forelimb development," Harfe said. ...

Depression model leaves mice with molecular scar

...ifications in histones, proteins that regulate the turning on-and-off of genes via a process called methylati...ncer molecules, attach themselves to the histones, turning off the gene. Notably, imipramine was unable to remove these silencer molecules, suggesting that the...

Common bacteria pirate natural mechanism to get inside cells

...elay of signals from outside the cell to inside by turning on or off. Although there are no known receptors that have the job of triggering a bad result in the body, receptors that are 'on' too much may end up instructing the cell to do bad things, he says. "The hypothesis is that in cancer, for example, the...

Immune system response to viral DNA is unique

... of viruses into a relatively simple mechanism for turning on the immune response. "It is well established that such a pathway exists for detection of viral RNA inside infected cells," Stetson said. "In contrast, very little is known about whether cells can detect foreign intracellular DNA or how this syste...

Junk DNA may not be so junky after all

...ify DNA sequences, known as enhancers, involved in turning on a gene. In studying RET, the major gene implicated in Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN2), the team identified DNA sequences that can control RET but had not been identified using standard methods. Hirschsprung disease, al...

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