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Tag: "turned" at biology news

New genes implicated in rheumatoid arthritis

...chers at the University of Michigan Medical Center turned to an ideal population: genetically identical, disease-discordant twins. The July issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/arthritis ) highlights the results of their state-of-the-art genetic analysis. ...

Chewing up a key regulator of fat synthesis keeps mice lean despite a high-fat diet

...ually rise only during fasting, when ACC should be turned off. Heredia and co-first author Ling Qi, Ph.D., reasoned that keeping the TRB3 pathway artificially "on" during both fasting and feeding might melt away fat depots. And that's exactly what happened. Mice genetically engineered to express permanentl...

New genetic test for breast cancer

...The test identifies which of 21 specific genes are turned on or off in the tumor. This genetic assessment estimates a patient's risk of recurrence more precisely than standard clinical characteristics, such as tumor size and grade. It also helps predict whether a patient will benefit from chemotherapy. ...

Johns hopkins researchers find link between cell's energy use and genome health

...r wrapped DNA appear to be regions where genes are turned on. When the research team removed the enzyme A...in chromosomes, and this might lead to genes being turned off. That is exactly what they found when they looked at the more than 5,000 genes in the yeast cell...

Hopkins researchers develop new tool to watch real-time chemical activity in cells

... with this enzyme switch, because if the enzyme is turned on at the wrong time or at the wrong place within ...nsor that indicates if an enzyme located nearby is turned on or off. The sensor is made from a protein that glows, originally isolated from jellyfish. When PK...

UCLA scientists strengthen case for life more than 3.8 billion years ago

...ence of early life; it's simply the place where it turned up," Harrison said. "There's nothing special about Akilia Island," Manning said. "If life was there, it should have been abundant on Earth 3.83 billion years ago. The only place where that's been tested so far, also in Greenland, has come up positi...

The structure of a virus infecting bacteria resembles a human virus

...teria. To the researchers' surprise, its structure turned out to be very similar to human viruses, such as rotavirus. Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhoea, particularly in neonatal babies and young children. Diarrhoea is one of the main causes of infant mortality in developing countries...

Teasing out tissue from blood

...your blood and come back two weeks laterto find it turned into cells from other tissues, ranging from brain and liver cells to the insulin-producing beta islet cells of the pancreas. The idea is to revert a patient's blood cells to the stem cell stage and then chemically nudge them to re-specialise into p...

How HIV 'exhausts' killer T cells

...they are capable of functioning; they've just been turned off." Similarly, the researchers also found that blocking PD-1 restored helper T cell function. "This was the most striking finding, because the majority of patients we have studied had no detectable levels of these HIV-specific cells; but as s...

A new tool against brain disease

...they are capable of functioning; they've just been turned off." Similarly, the researchers also found that blocking PD-1 restored helper T cell function. "This was the most striking finding, because the majority of patients we have studied had no detectable levels of these HIV-specific cells; but as s...

When the going gets tough, slime molds start synthesizing

...d enzyme to make DIF-1. For that Noel and Austin turned to co-senior author Robert Kay, Ph.D., a Dictyostelium cellular differentiation expert and groupleader at the MRC. "We wrote a paper and sent a version to Rob Kay and said, 'You don't know us, but here's what we do. Biochemically we have identified t...

Schepens scientists are first to discover angiogenesis switch inside blood vessel cells

...blood vessel growth). The switch, they learned, is turned on and off by the balance between two enzymes (known as PI3K and PLCg) that compete for the use of the same lipid membrane to fulfill opposite missions, growth and regression, respectively. This finding could lead to new, more targeted drugs for dise...

Light guides flight of migratory birds

...rd orientation when released at a distant site. It turned out, however, that the panels influenced the distribution of polarized light patterns at sunset and sunrise, and it was the altered polarization patterns, rather than olfactory cues, that produced the directional biases. Moreover, the effect appeared...

New light microscope sharpens scientists' focus

...ed to turn on the fluorescent probes, so that they turned on just a tiny percentage of the labeled molecules...diately got to work with what they did have ?which turned out to be old optics equipment Hess had saved from their days at Bell Labs, supplemented by the mone...

Genetic snooze button governs timing of spring flowers

... pre-ordained life cycles. But how that gene was turned off was a mystery until Amasino and his group found that exposure to prolonged cold triggered a molecular process that effectively silenced the genes that repress flowering. Another processes known as bud dormancy, which is similar to vernalization...

Pathway toward gene silencing described in plants

...lectively silenced and how silenced alleles can be turned on again may someday have practical benefits. For...nt, but are then silenced in adults, could only be turned on again. "The pathway we are studying is part of an interesting phenomenon that occurs in plants,...

Scientists identify gene involved in stem cell self-renewal in planaria

...rotein is eliminated, RNAs that are supposed to be turned off (that is, not made into proteins) are now turned on and made into proteins. Those proteins may then cause the stem cells to differentiate, instead of...

Large dinosaurs were extremely hot in their day, UF study finds

...es and reproduces. This simple little equation has turned out to be tremendously useful to understanding the biological time clock." ...

Snakes' virtual glasses, leopard spots and all-optical transistors

...s. By the time they're adults, Jaguar's spots have turned to polygons, while Leopard wears rosettes. The researchers' model replicates the changes each of the species experiences, provided that the model parameters are tuned in different ways after the initial spots have formed. No one has ever found the mo...

Researcher gives hard thoughts on soft inheritance

...get lots of nurturing the glucocorticoid gene gets turned on and expressed early at a critical period, provi...gh nurturing and grooming, and the gene never gets turned on. Richards says that whole mechanism appears to be the result of changes in DNA methylation assoc...

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