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Tag: "triggers" at biology news

Unchecked DNA replication drives earliest steps toward cancer

...ientists have identified some of the first genetic triggers for cancer as mutations in specific oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Full-blown tumors and metastatic cancers, however, often exhibit many genetic mutations, sometimes dozens in a given tumor. An important scientific question, and one with signif...

Advancements In Genomics Foster Deep Sea Discoveries

...hen the cells experience higher pressure, and that triggers a signal transduction event that activates the expression of genes that help the cells to adapt to the increased pressure,?said Bartlett. The scientists found other tantalizing discoveries in Photobacterium profundum, including a novel fermentative p...

Novel gene-silencing nanoparticles shown to inhibit Ewing's sarcoma

...slocation," activating the oncogene EWS-FLI1 which triggers the tumor growth characteristic for this cancer. In their experiment, siRNA was delivered to this growth-promoting region of the tumor cell, effectively reducing cell replication by 80 percent. The scientists then tried their novel technology in la...

Genpathway and Baylor College of Medicine Identify New Genes in Breast Cancer

...n an odorant receptor detects an odor molecule, it triggers a nerve signal that travels to a way station in the brain called the olfactory bulb. Signals from the olfactory bulb, in turn, travel to the brain's olfactory cortex. Information from the olfactory cortex is then sent to many regions of the brain, ul...

Decoding the logic of olfaction

...n an odorant receptor detects an odor molecule, it triggers a nerve signal that travels to a way station in the brain called the olfactory bulb. Signals from the olfactory bulb, in turn, travel to the brain's olfactory cortex. Information from the olfactory cortex is then sent to many regions of the brain, ul...

Cerebral navigation: How do nerve fibers know what direction to grow in?

...called Eph on the axon's growth cone. But how this triggers the axon to change course or stop growing has been a mystery. "Very little has been known about the inner workings of the cell that govern axon guidance," says Michael Greenberg, PhD, Director of the Neurobiology Program at Children's and senior aut...

Defenseless plants arm themselves with metals

...oduces, but does not respond to, the molecule that triggers the infection response used by nearly all other pl...ts, exposure to powdery mildew and other pathogens triggers the plant defense pathway, a series of biochemical events that occur in succession and help the plan...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

...n and his research colleagues discovered that IRE1 triggers the unfolded protein response by splicing a segment of messenger RNA called XBP1. This leads to production of a new protein, which turns on genes in the UPR signaling pathway and directs cells to secrete large amounts of protein. The University of Mi...

Antibiotic might fight HIV-induced neurological problems

...ted conditions. "Last year we discovered that SIV triggers some of the same biological pathways of cell death and inflammation as these other diseases," says Sheila Barber, Ph.D., assistant professor of comparative medicine. "Testing minocycline in our animal model of HIV infection was really a logical next ...

Key Trigger Of Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms Found

...nt chemical in the brain's neuronal machinery that triggers some of the withdrawal symptoms of opioid drugs like morphine and heroin. They believe that drugs to inhibit the chemical--called a transporter--could relieve some of the early physical symptoms of withdrawal, such as teeth-chattering, uncontrolled ...

TEL2 gene cooperates with MYC gene to provoke B-cell lymphomas

... cells to proliferate. This abnormal behavior then triggers p53 to instruct these overzealous cells to undergo apoptosis. However, such rogue cells can still become fully cancerous if they succeed in eliminating p53 activity, in effect silencing the command to commit suicide. This situation occurs when incre...

Plants defy Mendel's inheritance laws, may prompt textbook changes

...s and animals. "There are probably a lot of other triggers yet to be discovered, and this mechanism for inheritance may require a different trigger to make it work in animals," he said. Once scientists understand more about the mechanism, they then may be able to manipulate it to modify genes already in pla...

Weizmann Institute scientists develop a new approach for directing treatment to metastasized prostate cancer in the bones.

...esearchers is the pattern of cellular signals that triggers the deathof pigment stem cells, since melanoma is dangerous for the oppositereason –melanocytes proliferate uncontrollably to form tumors and arehard to kill with treatment.“Preventing the graying of hair is not our goal,?emphasizes David E.Fisher, M...

Scientists rid stem cell culture of key animal cells

... case, cell differentiation. If serum replacement triggers stem cell differentiation, Xu deduced, there must be feeder cell molecules that oppose BMP activity. Experiments confirmed this to be true. Next, Xu elevated concentrations of FGF2, a protein routinely used for human embryonic stem cell culture, to ...

Fundamental Finding Yields Insight into Stem Cells, Cancer; Opens Door to Drug Discovery

...esearchers is the pattern of cellular signals that triggers the deathof pigment stem cells, since melanoma is dangerous for the oppositereason –melanocytes proliferate uncontrollably to form tumors and arehard to kill with treatment.“Preventing the graying of hair is not our goal,?emphasizes David E.Fisher, M...

Scientists discover the cellular roots of graying hair

...esearchers is the pattern of cellular signals that triggers the deathof pigment stem cells, since melanoma is dangerous for the oppositereason –melanocytes proliferate uncontrollably to form tumors and arehard to kill with treatment.“Preventing the graying of hair is not our goal,?emphasizes David E.Fisher, M...

Novel Therapy Tested in Mice Could Chase Away Cat Allergies

...as a control. Then they added the cat protein that triggers allergic reactions to all the blood cell cultures. “We measured more than 90 percent less histamine in the cultures with GFD,?says Dr. Saxon. “Those results suggested that GFD successfully prevented the immune cells from reacting to cat allergen. Th...

Gene therapy converts dead bone graft to new, living tissue

...n just hours. By contrast, the gene therapy method triggers the tissue surrounding the graft to produce the proteins continuously for up to three weeks, long enough for the body to trigger the perpetual bone remodeling response. Stem cells have also seen success in this area, but Schwarz says their appeal has...

Plants, animals share molecular growth mechanisms

...Purdue University scientists. The protein complex triggers communication between molecules along a pathway th... DISTORTED3 (DIS3) turns on APR 2/3, which in turn triggers formation of new, growing actin filaments. Because some genes have survived through time as multice...

Neuronal 'traffic jam' marks early Alzheimer's disease

... called beta amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), triggers defects in axonal transport. A defective version of beta-APP is cleaved to form an aberrant form of amyloid beta (A-beta) peptide that makes up the plaques that surround the neurons of people with Alzheimer's disease. "With the findings from fruit f...

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