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Tag: "triggers" at biology news

Scientists show that tick-borne flaviviruses use a novel mechanism to evade host defenses

...on, the body's first defense against many viruses, triggers a cascade of immune defenses. According to researchers at NIAID's Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, MT, NS5 blocks the body's attempt to signal for immune defenses, preventing the immune system from both stopping the spread of virus and ...

Nicotine triggers the same brain reward circuitry as opiates

...ts with mice, researchers have found that nicotine triggers the same neural pathways that give opiates such as heroin their addictively rewarding properties--including associating an environment with the drug's reward. However, unlike opiates, nicotine does not directly activate the brain's opiate receptors, ...

Drawing with DNA: 'Bioart' illuminates genomics

...ently matches a pictogram in the human dataset, it triggers a real-time bioinformatics comparison: BLAST begins to run, searching through the rice data for a homologue ?conducting in a novel (and visible) way the same sequence analysis done by scientists. Results are presented as two superimposed pictograms. ...

Gifts from the sea

...here at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), it triggers an influx of hundreds of scientists and students from around the world, who return here faithfully every summer to study the squid and other marine organisms. Sea creatures, it turns out, have been at the center of numerous medical research breakthr...

New protein vital for immune response is found in surprise location

...a cascade of biochemical reactions that eventually triggers the cell to make a protein called interferon, which in turn fights off the virus. But the chain of events between RIG-I's encounter with the virus and the interferon response is not known. Researchers have been trying to identify and characterize t...

Researchers seek to discover what really happens when a virus enters the body

... do not come from within the body. The recognition triggers the immune system's attempt to eliminate the invader. What the immune system actually does, according to Matzinger, is discriminate between things that are dangerous and things that are not. And it does this by defining anything that does damage as d...

Unusual antibiotics show promise against deadly 'superbugs'

...on-toxic, dissolves naturally over time and rarely triggers rejection, collagen is commonly used in cosmetics, drug delivery systems and biocompatible coatings. Yu's goal is to change some of collagen's biochemical or mechanical properties to give it new medical applications. Traditionally, scientists have ...

Modified collagen could yield important medical applications

...on-toxic, dissolves naturally over time and rarely triggers rejection, collagen is commonly used in cosmetics, drug delivery systems and biocompatible coatings. Yu's goal is to change some of collagen's biochemical or mechanical properties to give it new medical applications. Traditionally, scientists have ...

Immune system's distress signal tells bacteria when to strike back

...ell surface, it activates a gene called rhII. RhII triggers synthesis and secretion of a bacterial signaling molecule called C4-HSL. By measuring the amount of C4-SHL in their environment these bacteria can estimate their own numbers and density. If they feel they are sufficiently numerous, they produce two ...

Brain Scan Study of Smokers Reveals Signature of Craving

...taining the smoking habit and also serve as strong triggers to return to smoking for those who have quit," McClernon added. "As we begin to understand the underlying brain processes, we may discover new methods for manipulating those responses to better help smokers quit." While scientists have thought that ...

New understanding of cell movement may yield ways to brake cancer's spread

... function throughout species. Knowing exactly what triggers cellular migration can help develop treatments that halt cancer metastasis and immune disorders like arthritis and asthma. "Previous studies by us and others have identified how a migrating cell 'gets its wheels' and, mechanistically, is able to mov...

Bee mites suppress bee immunity, open door for viruses and bacteria

...ve they have found the combination of factors that triggers colony deaths which includes suppression of the bee immune system by the mites. The Varroa destructor mite is a honey bee parasite that feeds much like a tick on the body of a bee. The mites are about the size of a pin head, dark brown in color and ...

Touching Molecules With Your Bare Hands

... its epitope—the region that binds to a T cell and triggers an immune response—that helps the viral protein evade the killer T cells that could destroy it. Lab studies show that the amino acid element limits EBNA-1’s interaction with T cells by inhibiting synthesis and, to a lesser degree, degradation of the ...

How A Latent Virus Eludes Immune Defenses

... its epitope—the region that binds to a T cell and triggers an immune response—that helps the viral protein evade the killer T cells that could destroy it. Lab studies show that the amino acid element limits EBNA-1’s interaction with T cells by inhibiting synthesis and, to a lesser degree, degradation of the ...

Researchers find gene that may be at root of potato blight

...This avirulence gene is kind of like a weapon that triggers a metal detector," said Sophien Kamoun, a study co-author and an associate professor of plant pathology at Ohio State University 's Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster . "If you take a gun through the metal detector at an ai...

Eliminate Data Analysis Bottlenecks in Drug Discovery

...n in the liver and other tissues. In the liver, it triggers the conversion of fats into sugar, particularly wh...ppears, from our work, as though the pyruvate then triggers increased production of sirtuin1, which in turn lets PGC1 start converting the pyruvate into the glu...

Computational verification of protein-protein interactions by orthologous co-expression

...n in the liver and other tissues. In the liver, it triggers the conversion of fats into sugar, particularly wh...ppears, from our work, as though the pyruvate then triggers increased production of sirtuin1, which in turn lets PGC1 start converting the pyruvate into the glu...

PHACCS, an online tool for estimating the structure and diversity of uncultured viral communities using metagenomic information

...n in the liver and other tissues. In the liver, it triggers the conversion of fats into sugar, particularly wh...ppears, from our work, as though the pyruvate then triggers increased production of sirtuin1, which in turn lets PGC1 start converting the pyruvate into the glu...

Future diabetes drugs may target new protein interaction

...n in the liver and other tissues. In the liver, it triggers the conversion of fats into sugar, particularly wh...ppears, from our work, as though the pyruvate then triggers increased production of sirtuin1, which in turn lets PGC1 start converting the pyruvate into the glu...

Gene keeps neural cells on correct developmental path

...time to make a neuron," Mandel said. The cell then triggers the expression of an ensemble of genes that coordinates nervous system development by removing REST in three distinct phases, ending with shutting down the REST gene. "The cell gets rid of all the excess protein, kicks it off the DNA, then stomps on...

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