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Tag: "triggers" at biology news

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...ncer-fighting power of butyrate. The double attack triggers cellular suicide, also called apoptosis, in the cancer cells. To find out whether this butyrate-ManNAc hybrid alone would produce the positive results, the researchers tested three other sugar-butyrate combinations and a butyrate salt compound wi...

In-shell vaccine for chick disease

...spike protein from a pathogenic virus strain which triggers an immune response, and incorporated it into a harmless non-pathogenic strain. Dr Paul Britton, Head of the Coronavirus Group at IAH Compton, explained, "This hybrid virus was able to induce immunity when inoculated before hatching. When hatched chic...

New mechanism for nutrient uptake discovered

...n this way." The scientists don't yet know what triggers the rapid shut-off. They think it might be a very common regulatory event called phosphorylation, where a phosphate molecule is introduced to another molecule, changing the latter, and preparing it for a chemical reaction. They have found a site for ...

Microbes start immune response by sneaking inside cells

...ence of bacterial microbes inside the cell is what triggers the immune response. That creates a new perspectiv...rent fever, skin rash and arthritis. Cryopyrin triggers a key enzyme involved in the body’s inflammatory response, capsase-1, which in turn causes productio...

ATR checkpoint-activating DNA structure

...le-stranded DNA annealed with primers specifically triggers the ATR-mediated checkpoint response. While many proteins involved in the DNA damage response have been uncovered, this type of structural information is quite novel and valuable. The elucidation of the first defined DNA structure capable of elicitin...

New study may show how to forestall a fatal, virus-caused immune-system meltdown

When a virus infects a person, it triggers a series of biochemical reactions in immune-system cells that literally may have life or death consequences. Usually, the result is an effective immune response, leading to the elimination of the virus and the infected person’s recovery. But in the...

Protein sensor for fatty acid buildup in mitochondria

...nK2, is suppressed by CoA—the molecule this enzyme triggers the cell to make. CoA normally binds tightly to PanK2, shutting it down. When a buildup of fatty acids occurs in the cell, a molecule called carnitine shuttles them into the mitochondria. This combination of a fatty acid and carnitine, called acylcar...

Researchers find hepatitis A and hepatitis C attack same protein to block immune defenses

...ssential link in a chain of molecular signals that triggers antiviral responses. "With 30,000-plus proteins in the cell, it’s really remarkable that these two very different viruses have chosen to strike at the same one," said Dr. Stanley Lemon, director of UTMB’s Institute for Human Infections and Immunit...

Inflammation may play role in metastasis of prostate cancer

...n the journal Nature, identifies a mechanism which triggers metastasis, which is the spread of cancer in late ...matory cells that invade advanced prostate tumors, triggers a chain reaction in which IKKa is activated, allowing it to enter the nucleus of the cancer cell, re...

Chemical switch triggers critical cell activities

...nd of the race. In the cell, this NEDD8 relay race triggers a number of biochemical reactions, one of which takes the brakes off cell division, allowing cells to multiply, according to the researchers. These thioester bonds are chemical links between two biological molecules that form when a sulfur atom on on...

Researchers hot on the trail of brain cell degeneration

...s, neurons in the brain are over-stimulated, which triggers programmed cell death, or apoptosis. The study shows that the Rho protein, which has long been recognised as an important player in cancer formation, also plays a key role in the destruction of neurons in disease. "These surprising findings add an...

Scientists unlock secret of what makes plants flower

...es perceived seasonal changes in day length, which triggers a long-distance signal to travel through the plant's vascular system from the leaf to the shoot apex, where flowering is induced. However, the identity of the long-distance signal remained unclear. This new research, carried out by scientists at I...

UCLA/Toronto researchers unlock key to memory storage in brain

...avid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. "Learning triggers a cascade of chemicals in the brain that influence which memories are kept and which are lost. "Earlier studies have linked the CREB protein to keeping memories stable," added Silva, a member of the UCLA Brain Research Institute. "We suspected ...

CSHL research ties harmless viruses to cancer

...three cells under the same membrane, a change that triggers massive CIN and creates diverse cells whose properties change over time. The researchers found that some of these cells can become cancerous. The model that the researchers propose suggests that the best hope for controlling cancer is its prevent...

Hay fever can send work productivity down the drain

...llen from grass and trees. IgE is an antibody that triggers allergic reactions. In a previous study, Szeinbach found that the ImmunoCAP IgE blood test was more accurate in diagnosing allergies when compared to other specific IgE blood tests. While IgE testing is traditionally the realm of allergists, more ...

New dopamine brain target discovered

... existence of a Gq/11-coupled signalling unit that triggers a calcium signal, which is turned on by stimulating D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Unlike other dopamine receptors, this novel unit will only create brain signals when both receptors are stimulated at the same time. Using animal models. Drs. Georg...

Satellites shed light on global warming

...o play a role in the complex ‘planetary clock?that triggers one of the major climatic anomalies ?El Niño. "These waves are an important means of ocean adjustment to forcing. In a sense they ‘set the rhythm?for some aspects of the interactions between oceans and climate. Faster waves in a warmer ocean, as ...

Turning a cellular sentinel into a cancer killer

... is called the "guardian of the genome" because it triggers the suicide of cells with damaged DNA. Inactivation of p53 can set the stage for the development of different types of cancer. The researchers' findings show for the first time that inactivating the p53 gene is necessary for maintaining tumors. Whil...

'Exercise pill' switches on gene that tells cells to burn fat

...neering changes in metabolism in the marathon mice triggers both increased fat burning and increased endurance. Adult normal mice that receive the drug to switch on PPAR-d show increased fat burning and resistance to weight gain, but they do not show increased endurance. Dr. Evans says this suggests the delt...

Overfishing large sharks impacts entire marine ecosystem, shrinks shellfish supply

...dy provides evidence that the loss of great sharks triggers changes that cascade throughout coastal food webs," says Baum. "Solutions include enhancing protection of great sharks by substantially reducing fishing pressure on all of these species and enforcing bans on shark finning both in national waters and ...

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