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Tag: "transmitted" at biology news

Researchers identify protein crucial for survival of Lyme-disease bacterium

...s to an incoming meal of blood, it is unable to be transmitted from the tick to a new animal host, researchers at... tick bites an animal or a human, the bacteria are transmitted to the new host. Infection causes fever, malaise, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint aches, and a c...

Molecular models advance the fight against malaria

...the drug using these resistant strains." Malaria, transmitted by Plasmodium falciparum, a parasite carried by mosquitoes, has developed resistance to almost every anti-malarial drug introduced in the past 30 years. Although atovaquone is one of the most recent drugs on the market, there is significant evidence ...

Substance protects resilient staph bacteria

...everal hard-to-treat infectious agents that can be transmitted to patients in hospitals via contaminated medical implants. The new report concludes that the substance--known as poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid, or PGA--must be present for S. epidermidis to survive on medical implants. S. epidermidis infections are ra...

A new study examines how shared pathogens affect host populations

...ltiple species within a community and are commonly transmitted across species. Cross-species transmission is ofte...cephalitis that infect multiple hosts are commonly transmitted by vectors, and their transmission rate is often thought to depend on the proportion of hosts or vec...

Yale researchers identify molecule for detecting parasitic infection in humans

...mosis, has a complicated life cycle in which it is transmitted from mice to cats and then to humans. Previous research had shown that T. gondii is recognized by a TLR and that the recognition of this parasite is crucial for an appropriate immune response. However, it was unclear which of the 13 different TLRs pr...

The Bacteria's guide to survival

...rrhoeae, the bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. By comparing cells infected with normal N. gonorrhoeae to those infected with a mutant strain with defective pili, the researchers found a subset of 52 host genes that had higher activity when the host was infected with the normal...

MetaChip provides quick, efficient toxicity screening of potential drugs

...d to the surface of the vagina to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs)--will one day be a key tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Women make up nearly half of all people living with HIV worldwide. "The majority of new cases of HIV infection in women result from heterosexual intercourse, but women may ...

International trial of two microbicides begins

...d to the surface of the vagina to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs)--will one day be a key tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Women make up nearly half of all people living with HIV worldwide. "The majority of new cases of HIV infection in women result from heterosexual intercourse, but women may ...

NIAID Initiates Trial of Experimental Avian Flu Vaccine

... the virus may evolve into one that is more easily transmitted between people. If this were to happen, a worldwide pandemic could follow. Influenza pandemics are global outbreaks that emerge infrequently and unpredictably and involve strains of virus to which humans have little or no immunity. H5N1 is one such ...

Scientists discover unique microbe in California's largest lake

...cause it isgenerally assumed that it is faithfully transmitted from parent tooffspring. However, in the case of this new microbe, it appears thatDNA encoding a small portion of the ribosomal gene in a proteobacteriumjumped across the vast evolutionary distance that separates theproteobacteria and cyanobacteria, ...

Studies reveal methods viruses use to sidestep immune system

... nation's most common blood-borne infection. It is transmitted primarily through intravenous drug use, blood transfusions or blood products, as well as through sexual contact and is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. UT Southwestern Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) student Eileen Foy was ...

Scientists reveal molecular secrets of the malaria parasite

...xual development stage during whichthe parasite is transmitted between vector and host.The Science paper represents the culmination of four years ofcooperative work by scientists at several research institutes,including: the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in the U.K., where thesequencing and genome annotation w...

New research questions basic tenet of neuron function

... between nerve cells, where the chemical signal is transmitted to other neurons. It is known that synaptic vesicles release their neurotransmitters in two different "modes" ?one when the neuron is stimulated and actively relaying a message, and the other through spontaneous release when the neuron is "at rest,"...

Female sex hormones play a vital role in defense against sexually transmitted diseases

..., type 2 (HSV-2 ), one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Charu Kaushic, assistant professor and ...ve a profound effect on susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections as well as on the body's defense mechanisms against them." One of the many implications ...

Male circumcision reduces risk of HIV transmission from women to men

...tutes--and were screened for HIV and othersexually transmitted infections. At the end of the study theprobability of infection was calculated using a statistical model thatincorporated published data to estimate the rates of HIV infectionamong the three types of sexual partners.For the men in the study, the over...

Genome of deadly amoeba shows surprising complexity, evidence of lateral gene transfer

...is enormous," he says. Typically, those cysts are transmitted when people ingest contaminated food or water. The disease can cause liver damage but more often causes dysentery, a severe diarrhea that is often associated with blood in the feces. Unchecked, the diarrhea associated with the disease can be fatal, e...

Topical treatment shown to inhibit HIV and herpes simplex virus infection

.... "While condoms offer protection against sexually transmitted infections, their effectiveness is limited because they require partner initiation or consent." According to the United Nations' 2004 report on the global AIDS epidemic, an estimated 40 million people worldwide are living with HIV, and women account...

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