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Tag: "transmitted" at biology news

'Accelerated evolution' converts RNA enzyme to DNA enzyme in vitro

...The new study shows that catalytic function can be transmitted sequentially between two different nucleic acid-like molecules, suggesting how it might have been conveyed from pre-RNA molecules to RNA during the simpler pre-RNA world period. There are several candidates for the initial pre-RNA molecule, all of...

H5N1 avian flu virus vaccine induces immune responses in healthy adults

...them had died. Generally, flu viruses are easily transmitted from person to person, but so far, the H5N1 avian influenza viruses have not demonstrated this characteristic. In the worst-case scenario, if an avian flu virus became easily transmissible from person to person, it could trigger an influenza pandemic...

Parents need to be educated about HPV vaccinations for daughters

... have their daughters immunised against a sexually transmitted virus that is the major cause of cervical cancer, ...cer lie in HPV infection of the cervix, a sexually transmitted infection most frequently acquired by women shortly after they start sexual activity. In a minority...

Chlamydia parasite lives off our fat

... responsible for a range of ailments from sexually transmitted infections to atypical pneumonias to chronic severe disorders such as pelvic inflammatory disease and atherosclerosis. The Centers for Disease Control says that Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the US, with t...

RNA splicing occurs in nerve-cell dendrites

...ndrites detect the electrical and chemical signals transmitted to the neuron by the axons of other neurons. The synapse is the neuronal structure where this chemical connection is formed, and investigators surmise that the synapse is where learning and memory occur. Researchers have long agreed that mRNA splic...

How Rickettsial pathogens break into cells

...sue of the journal Cell. Rickettsial bacteria are transmitted by fleas, ticks, and lice to humans and other mamm... for bioterrorism. Mediterranean spotted fever is transmitted by a dog tick. The symptoms are generally mild and respond to antibiotics that shorten the course of...

Polio vaccination strategies assessed as eradication nears

...ave shown prolonged shedding of VDPV, which may be transmitted to contacts, thus potentially re-introducing polio into the community. Concerns had been raised that this issue would be a particular challenge in countries with high HIV prevalence. Karen Hennessey, PhD, MSPH, and colleagues in Cote d'Ivoire and at...

Marathon of nano-sprinters

...body with the synapse, where the nerve signals are transmitted from one neuron to another. The length of axons is in the centimeter or even meter range; examples of relatively long axons are those that connect our spinal cord with the tips of our fingers and toes. Within such an axon, microtubules provide the tr...

Penn study finds direct role for glial cells in brain cross-talk

...d, nerve impulses were suppressed and could not be transmitted across the synapse. This helps explain why high adenosine levels can suppress epileptic seizures. In contrast, low levels of adenosine increased the transmission of nerve impulses. The modulation of neuronal activity through the regulation of the ...

Earliest European Farmers Left Little Genetic Mark On Modern Europe

...0% of respondents still believed that HIV could be transmitted by sharing a meal with an HIV-positive person. Finally, weak HIV surveillance in several regions including in some countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and North Africa is hampering prevention efforts and often means that peop...

2005 AIDS figures released by WHO and UNAIDS

...0% of respondents still believed that HIV could be transmitted by sharing a meal with an HIV-positive person. Finally, weak HIV surveillance in several regions including in some countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and North Africa is hampering prevention efforts and often means that peop...

Agricultural workers at increased risk for infection with animal flu viruses

...es could reassemble into a new virus that could be transmitted to and cause disease in people." The study results strongly suggest that occupational exposure to pigs significantly increases the risk of developing swine influenza infection. Agricultural workers should, therefore, be considered in developing flu...

Preventing a pandemic: Study suggests strategies for containing a flu outbreak

...irus could develop into a new strain that could be transmitted among humans. The virus might mutate, or it might jump over to a human already infected with the flu and then mix, or "reassort," with the human flu virus. Because humans would have little or no immune protection against this strain, it could potenti...

Vaginal gel may provide a new approach to HIV prevention

... reduce the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Ronald Veazey, chair of the Division of Comparative Pathology at the Tulane National Primate Research Center, lead author of the paper, conducted the research with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), a hybrid virus made in the l...

North & South American researchers find architectural abnormalities in T. cruzi ribosome

...d by a parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by a blood-sucking bug usually found in poor areas with substandard housing. An estimated 16 to 18 million people in Latin America are infected, and another 100 million are at risk. Some cases have spread through blood transfusion. Screenin...

New NIAID grants strengthen national biodefense and emerging infectious diseases research network

... encephalitis and other viral diseases that can be transmitted to people by mosquitoes. The centers also add expertise in hantaviruses, as well as in the development of diagnostics and animal models of disease. Each consortium within the network will * support investigator-directed research * train res...

Controlling wildlife trade key to preventing health crises, study says

... benign microbes these animals carry are sometimes transmitted to other species, including humans, in the process. Domestic animals and wild scavengers in market places and villages also consume the waste and remnants of infected trade animals providing further opportunity for cross-species transmission. Since ...

Solution to 'legionella'

...e other, they generate an oxidative stress that is transmitted throughout the water refrigeration system. This stress, together with the continuous loss of circulating bacteria throughout the system, reduces the formation of biofilm even at extremely low levels ?and maintains this to such an extent that the fixi...

New study shows SARS can infect brain tissue

...n Asia in February of 2003. The disease is usually transmitted by contact with coronavirus-laden droplets sprayed into the air by an infected person's coughing. Other symptoms can include high fever, headache, body aches, and pneumonia. However, some patients also exhibit central nervous system ailments. In a ne...

Methamphetamine Abuse, HIV Infection Cause Changes in Brain Structure

...s linked with HIV, hepatitis C, and other sexually transmitted diseases, not only by the use of contaminated injection equipment, but also due to increased risky sexual behaviors,?says Dr. Nora D. Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health, which helped support...

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