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Tag: "transmission" at biology news

Lactose intolerance linked to ancestral environment

...and kept them moving probably reduced the pathogen transmission rate." According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, some 30 million to 50 million Americans are lactose intolerant, including up to 75 percent of African Americans and American Indians and 90 percent of Asian Americans. Co...

Learning how SARS spikes its quarry

...," said Harrison. "And we know that those modes of transmission depend on specific mutations in the spike protein ...lity to infect humans. Such mutations enable viral transmission by altering the shape of the spike protein, which affects how well it binds to the ACE2 receptor, ex...

Scientists use gene transfer technology and common virus to block neuropathic pain in animals

...y nerve cells, so its product can be used to block transmission of pain signals from damaged nerves to the brain.?... to Fink. Physicians have drugs that block neural transmission by mimicking the actions of inhibitory agents like GABA, but it's difficult to give these drugs in a...

WCS says avian flu prevention should focus on farms, markets

...cies are kept in close proximity--are also hubs of transmission for avian flu and other pathogens that need to be better regulated. Wildlife and health experts also maintain that indiscriminate culling of wild migratory bird populations would be ineffective in preventing the spread of the disease. The outbreak o...

Progress on HIV/AIDS significant but insufficient

...ty between men and women continued to increase the transmission of HIV/AIDS and undermine access to prevention and treatment. The growing feminization of the epidemic had made it ever more necessary to establish programmes to attack the vulnerability of women and girls. Among the recommendations was the need to s...

Mosquito study shows new, faster way West Nile can spread

...hallenges fundamental assumptions about the virus' transmission cycle and may help explain why it spread so rapidl...although such "non-viremic transmission" (that is, transmission before virus can be detected in the blood) has been observed in cases involving viruses transmitted ...

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Successful Vaccine Trial In Dogs

...Development of a vaccine for dogs could help brake transmission of the disease to humans, by reducing this reservo...on of the animal population infected. The risks of transmission of the disease to humans would in this way be indirectly reduced. Up to now, several dog vaccines, ...

Primate virus jumps species barrier to humans for first time in Asia

...he first reported case in Asia of primate-to-human transmission of simian foamy virus (SFV), a retrovirus found in...has not been shown to cause disease in humans. The transmission of the virus from a monkey to a human took place at a monkey temple in Bali, Indonesia, the research...

AIDS expert says global strategy needed to combat feminization of HIV/AIDS

...nfections in the United States due to heterosexual transmission (81 percent) and intravenous drug use (16 percent). In the developing world, heterosexual transmission is responsible for nearly all of the infections among women, and mother-to-child transmission during...

The synapse is a shotgun

...common disorder in which a defect in nerve impulse transmission results in muscle weakness. In this and other neurological diseases, "there may be an anomaly at the receptor level, but it is impossible to pinpoint the problem with existing techniques. With our modeling technique, we can explore the detailed geome...

Cultural norms not unique to human societies

...proach to the group level, focuses on ape-to-ape transmission and uses a two-action methodology. This approach bridges the gap between two conventional research methods: population-level observations on wild apes and one-to-one social learning experiments. In the study, researchers introduced a naturalistic fo...

Endocannabinoids ?the brain's cannabis ?demonstrate novel modes of action to stress

...s inhibition of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission In an in vitro study, a multi-center Japanese tea... inhibited both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission and that a balanced input can produce sustained changes in neuronal activity without damage to neuro...

Thinking the pain away? Study shows the brain's painkillers may cause 'placebo effect'

...receptors called mu-opioid receptors, and stop the transmission of pain signals from one nerve cell to the next. Besides the brain's own chemicals, drugs such as heroin, morphine, methadone and anesthetics also act on the mu opioid receptor system to reduce pain. Because the endorphin system naturally tries to ...

More animals join the learning circle

...suggested that many purported examples of cultural transmission can instead be explained by individuals discovering the skill on their own rather than following another's lead. But because the gull-baiting behaviour is so unusual, "it would be hard to argue that it is individual learning", says ethologist Janet M...

New defibrillator signals doctor of patient's irregular heartbeat or device malfunction

...atically signals the doctor via wireless satellite transmission if the patient's heart beats abnormally or if the device malfunctions, e.g., battery failure. When a patient's status changes, a built-in microchip of Biotronik's Lumos DR-T implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) sends a signal to a satelli...

Field of beams - Novel system uses polarized light pulses to reveal crop health

...searchers, "always resulted in underestimating the transmission potential of an infection when fitted to initial outbreak data." The idea for the project came about when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approached Rohani to assist in the modeling of potential smallpox introduction. "I noticed that ...

Inhaling large amounts of salt can cause hypertension

...searchers, "always resulted in underestimating the transmission potential of an infection when fitted to initial outbreak data." The idea for the project came about when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approached Rohani to assist in the modeling of potential smallpox introduction. "I noticed that ...

Scalpel-free surgery could reduce risk of HIV and hepatitis exposure for health care workers

...aks the skin -- thus allowing for possible disease transmission - at some point in their career. There are an estimated 40,000 new cases of HIV each year, and hepatitis C is increasing at an even faster rate, according to the report. The study concludes that by studying the rates of HIV and hepatitis B and C amon...

Understanding biases in epidemic models important when making public health predictions

...searchers, "always resulted in underestimating the transmission potential of an infection when fitted to initial outbreak data." The idea for the project came about when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approached Rohani to assist in the modeling of potential smallpox introduction. "I noticed that ...

New Vaccine To Be Used For First Time In Polio Outbreak Response

...main polio-endemic, with a further six where polio transmission is re-established. Concern is high that the ongoing outbreak of polio in Africa might lead to re-infection of more countries in the polio-free Horn of Africa and the Middle East. Yemen is the most recent of fifteen polio-free countries that have repo...

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