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Tag: "transmission" at biology news

Low levels of neurotransmitter serotonin may perpetuate child abuse across generations

...rs. That finding showed that the intergenerational transmission of abusive parenting was the result of early experience and not of genetic similarities between mothers and daughters. "We didn't know if the reason that the babies grew up to be abusive was that they watched how their mothers parented and repeated...

British cattle give TB to badgers, finds UC Davis expert

...ventional wisdom suggested that this should reduce transmission among badgers, as well as from badgers to cattle. ... also provides the first evidence of widespread TB transmission from cattle to badgers. Woodroffe's team found that in 2001, when a nationwide epidemic of foot-and-...

Newts which regrow their hearts

...focal adhesion kinase -, which plays a part in the transmission of signals in the cells, is phosphorylated in the transplanted cells and is thus active. The Max Planck researchers in Bad Nauheim hope that better understanding of the molecular issues involved in regeneration in the newt will open up new possibilit...

Household transmission of SARS: Lessons learned

...ntario, about 20% of cases resulted from household transmission (spread of the infection within a household). Wi... the spread of infection. Primary risk factors for transmission fall into 3 areas: the duration of time spent in the home by the index case (first case) after becom...

To slow AIDS in Russia, treat HIV-positive addicts, Stanford study says

...ug users with antiretroviral medication will slow transmission of the virus among the general population. The s...stand how antiretroviral therapy could affect HIV transmission in Russia, Owens and Brandeau, along with doctoral student Elisa Long, created a computer model of ...

'GreeneChip' -- New diagnostic tool that rapidly and accurately identifies multiple pathogens

...al to curb contagion. In contrast, human-to-human transmission is not a primary concern with malaria and early, specific therapy can have a profound effect on illness and death. The GreeneChip provides unprecedented opportunities for unbiased pathogen discovery and reduction of illness and death caused by infec...

Malaria may fuel spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa

...onsiderably to the spread of HIV by increasing HIV transmission probability per sexual act," said Abu-Raddad, an H...ublic health, Kublin said. "We can reduce HIV/AIDS transmission by concomitantly treating HIV/AIDS co-infections with malaria as well as other diseases," he said. ...

Fast-freeze snapshot yields new picture of nerve-muscle junction

...at have been shown to be major players in synaptic transmission have now been studied using a flash-freeze physical-fixation technique that reveals new details of their location and function in neuromuscular synapses. The technique was used with tiny, one-millimeter-long nematode worms, a lab animal widely studie...

Transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria linked to previous intensive care unit room occupants

...esign or poor placement of hand hygiene equipment, transmission may be more directly linked to a prior occupant wh...es, indicating that such guidelines do not prevent transmission of disease-causing bacteria. However, the low overall risk among patients exposed to the bacteria "...

Wild gorillas carriers of a SIV virus close to the AIDS virus

...re, very clearly, the consequence of inter-species transmission from chimpanzee to humans, whereas the origin of HIV-1 group O is less apparent. It cannot be excluded that chimpanzees infected by HIV-1 group O might have contaminated humans and the gorilla independently, or that the gorilla, having been contamina...

HIV/AIDS linked to extensively drug resistant TB

...actically and feasibly be instituted to reduce the transmission of this lethal form of tuberculosis to others. Friedland said there is a desperate need for new diagnostic tests and treatment for TB. "It is still being diagnosed the same way it was in 1882," he said. "Modern technology for diagnosis and new tre...

SARS: No evidence that any of the treatments worked

... Caption: SARS coronavirus - A negative contrast transmission electron microscopy image of SARS coronavirus. Credit: Charles D. Humphrey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA CONTACT: Lauren Stockman Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases 1600 Clifton ...

Pattern of human Ebola outbreaks linked to wildlife and climate

...s coincided with known Ebola epidemics. "The transmission of Ebola within animal populations is much more widespread than previously believed," explained Lahm. "Ebola appears to spread both within species and between different species of animals." To determine the extent of human exposure to Ebola withi...

Male circumcision reduces HIV risk, study stopped early

... in the United States or Europe where heterosexual transmission of HIV is low compared with areas like sub-Saharan...ctive is the use of antiretroviral drugs to reduce transmission from mother to child. If a significant proportion of men in a population get circumcised, it will...

Slow brain waves play key role in coordinating complex activity

...cillations called high-gamma waves that signal the transmission of information between different areas of the brain. In this way, the researchers argue, areas like the auditory cortex and frontal cortex, separated by several inches in the cerebral cortex, can coordinate activity. "If you are reading something, l...

Molecular structure reveals how botulinum toxin attaches to nerve cells

... bind to and enter neurons, interfering with nerve transmission and disrupting the communication between the nerve and muscle fibers throughout the body. Poisoning with botulinum toxins leads to an often-fatal paralysis, which is one reason they are considered among the highest biodefense research priorities by t...

Mass vaccination unnecessary in the event of a large bioterrorist US smallpox attack

...x attack would have a minimal effect in preventing transmission of the disease, and that any delay in quarantining infected individuals would take a much greater toll on the community than failing to pre-vaccinate potential cases. To conduct the study, Longini and colleagues created a computer model that calcul...

Stanford discovery may help predict when toxoplasma can be deadly

...re protein kinases, molecules that are used in the transmission of cellular messages. "If a parasite needs to co-opt a host cell for its own purposes, there is no better way than to introduce a kinase that can completely alter the entire physiology of that host cell," said Boothroyd. The findings may play a...

New mechanism underlying pain found

... channels," which initiate a constant and rhythmic transmission of pain signals to the brain, rhythmically similar... of these pacemaker ion channels and the resulting transmission of pain signals to the brain. We are encouraged by early evaluations of certain chemical structures ...

Common cold virus leads to death in lung transplant patients

...rtain cases can act as viral reservoirs to sustain transmission of rhinovirus. "Therefore, in lung transplant recipients with severe immunosuppression, clinical rhinovirus infection needs to be considered," said Dr. Kaiser. "This point might have substantial implications in terms of diagnostic procedures, clin...

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