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Tag: "transmission" at biology news

Research identifies protein that signals flowering in squash plants

...ng of the C. moschata scions, indicating efficient transmission of a florigenic signal from the C. maxima stocks through the phloem into the scions. Analyses performed on phloem sap collected from these flowering C. maxima stocks failed to detect the presence of FT mRNA, but revealed the presence of FT protein in...

Blood test may help signal tumor's remission, return in throat cancer patients

..., other NIH-supported doctors reported that sexual transmission of human papillomavirus is strongly associated with throat cancer, especially in cancers arising from the tonsils and base of the tongue. In the largest long-term study of its kind, NIH and University of Michigan researchers tested the blood of 30...

The insect vector always bites twice

...adapted for blood feeds, plays a prime role in the transmission of the associated diseases. It contains numerous p...the serum sampled from human populations living in transmission areas, the presence of antibodies targeting specifically these proteins contained in an extract of t...

Microbes at work cleaning up the environment

...soluble. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy, the scientists were able to study whether protein contributes to the formation of densely aggregated nanoparticulate zinc sulfide spheroids. They also studied whether various amino acids induce rapid...

In nature, proteins sweep up nanoparticles

...n diameter. The team examined the biofilm using transmission electron microscopy at Berkeley Lab’s National Center for Electron Microscopy, a national user facility that probes material at the nanoscale. They found that the zinc sulfide nanoparticles were arranged in dense aggregates. Such tightly packed metal...

Male circumcision overstated as prevention tool against AIDS

...le male circumcision may indeed reduce the risk of transmission by some 50% to 60% in each sexual encounter, reducing single encounter transmission rates alone cannot control the epidemic. The reason is that individuals in highly infected countries...

Revealed -- Mosquito genes that could be controlling the spread of killer viruses

...sts believe it plays a key role in controlling the transmission of viruses that cause yellow and dengue fevers – d...ing which of these key genes are implicated in the transmission of viral diseases is an area of future research that could lead to new ways of combating these disea...

Resistant HIV quickly hides in infants' cells

...s Diseases, now available online. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is an important factor in the AIDS pandemic...hough important strides have been made in limiting transmission with antiviral drug therapies before, during, and following birth. In the last few decades the rate...

Role of noise in neurons

...r than previously assumed ?meaning the fidelity of transmission is compromised. Neurons in the cerebral cortex of the brain can have a wiring density of up to 4km per mm3 by using incredibly thin axons as wires, with an average diameter of 0.3 micrometers (1ìm is one millionth of a meter). Although, as in compu...

Anthrax paralyzes immune cells with lethal toxin, UF research shows

...g off the ends of a key protein and preventing the transmission of messages within the cell. As a result, immune c... Duesbery discovered that the toxin interrupts the transmission of signals within cells. But Dr. Southwick's study is the first to explain how anthrax can short-cir...

LIAI scientists make important finding on cytomegalovirus transmission

...d that the salivary glands are a primary source of transmission for many viruses due to sneezing, coughing and kissing. Eliminating the virus at this critical juncture may significantly reduce CMV’s spread, he said. In the study, Croft said the research team used an antibody to block the action of the IL-10...

Researchers attach genes to minichromosomes in maize

...ted proteins that carry genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. Whereas a chromosome is made of both centromeres and telomeres with much intervening DNA, a minichromosome contains only centromeres and telomeres, the end section of a chromosome, with little else. However, minichromosomes...

The quest for an effective HIV vaccine presents new possibilities, challenges

...tionally, T-cell vaccines may reduce secondary HIV transmission if they can help the immune system keep viral replication at a very low level for a long time. Studies have suggested that people with high levels of virus--namely those in the early and late stages of infection--are most likely to infect their sexua...

Genome of yellow fever/dengue fever mosquito sequenced

...es and pathogens, and thus may lead to controls of transmission of disease, Tu said. Control might take the form o...el control strategies that efficiently disrupt the transmission cycle or enhance existing strategies. The Ae. aegypti genome sequence is expected to stimulate effor...

NIAID expands capability for influenza research and surveillance

... targets for antiviral medicines; and evaluate flu transmission between patients and physicians in the hospital em...ility of flu viruses in birds and mammals, and the transmission of flu viruses between different hosts. University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (principal investi...

Leeches ferry infection among newts

... The researchers found evidence for leech-borne transmission of a little-known fungus-like organism of the genus Ichthyophonus, which infects the muscles of red-spotted newts and other amphibians in North America. It does not appear to kill amphibians but might affect their ability to reproduce. "This is t...

Rapid response was crucial to containing the 1918 flu pandemic

...ctions on social gatherings where person-to-person transmission can occur. The first of the two historical studies...that while interventions effectively mitigated the transmission of influenza virus in 1918, a critical factor in how much death rates were reduced was how soon the ...

Risk of HIV transmission highest early in infection

New evidence suggests that the risk of HIV transmission may be highest in the early stages of infection. ..., early infection accounted for nearly half of all transmission occurrences in an HIV-infected population in the province of Quebec, Canada. Bluma Brenner, PhD, an...

Changes in amino acids in the 1918 influenza virus cut transmission

...critical for the spread of infection—stopped viral transmission in ferrets, according to a new study conducted by ...transmission, perhaps we can do something to block transmission and prevent illness." To do this, Dr. García-Sastre and his team studied two key molecular struct...

NIAID DNA vaccine for H5N1 avian influenza enters human trial

...ly rare and are largely the result of direct virus transmission from infected birds, a few cases of human-to-human transmission have been reported. The severity of disease and the potential for human-to-human spread has provided...

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