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Tag: "tissues" at biology news

Clean skies=faster global warming?

...mechanisms kick in to fight them off. The infected tissues typically show depleted oxygen levels, and a protein called HIF-1 alpha regulates this. Interestingly, the cells responsible for destroying the foreign pathogens are effective in this low-oxygen environment. In a new study appearing in the July 1 pri...

Stolen gene allows insect virus to enter cells

... differently than one that's trying to use all the tissues of the animal." In other words, it might have been a host's own gene that turned baculoviruses into the lean, mean killing machines they are today. ...

Tissue regeneration operates differently than expected

.... Adult stem cells can be found locally in various tissues and organs, and we have presumed that they are participating in the repair and maintenance of organ functions. The controversial idea is that adult stem cells have the potential for transdifferentiation; in other words, that they are able to transmu...

U-M scientists discover identifying markers for primitive blood-forming stem cells

... of markers that allow the localization of HSCs in tissues has been a long-sought goal in the field of hematopoiesis. "Until this study, we didn't know exactly where to look for HSCs within bone marrow and the spleen," Morrison explains. "Most scientists believed they stayed in close contact with cells call...

Defective Gene Linked to Two Inherited Immune Deficiencies

...ere the immune system turns against the body’s own tissues and organs. “Most cases of CVID and IgA deficiency are of unknown cause,?notes Josiah Wedgwood, M.D., Ph.D., of the Clinical Immunology Branch of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the component of the National Instit...

Agreement will speed research on microbicides for women

...ere the immune system turns against the body’s own tissues and organs. “Most cases of CVID and IgA deficiency are of unknown cause,?notes Josiah Wedgwood, M.D., Ph.D., of the Clinical Immunology Branch of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the component of the National Instit...

Biologists Crack Genetic Code for Specialized Spider Silk

...ere the immune system turns against the body’s own tissues and organs. “Most cases of CVID and IgA deficiency are of unknown cause,?notes Josiah Wedgwood, M.D., Ph.D., of the Clinical Immunology Branch of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the component of the National Instit...

Emerald Spectre haunts Ontario's ash forests

...es by disrupting the flow of nutrients in the soft tissues under the bark. The new study funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) reveals that unprecedented actions taken to stop the borer's spread have so far failed to halt its outward march. At risk are nine billio...

New study shows measles immunization may prevent fatal brain infection

A new study has found wild-type measles virus in tissues from patients who died of a fatal brain infection,...rchers discovered wild-type measles virus in brain tissues from individuals with SSPE who had no previous diagnosis of measles and had been vaccinated. Case hi...

Study hints at role of stem cell genes in testicular, breast cancers

...at genes in adult stem cells ?which reside in many tissues of the body ?cause some leukemias, and that they may cause gliomas, the most common form of brain tumor (UCSF - Nature, Feb. 19, 2004 ; UCSF - New England Journal of Medicine, Aug. 25, 2005). The current study evolved from ongoing research in the Re...

Gene therapy reverses genetic mutation responsible for heart failure in muscular dystrophy

...rly for muscular dystrophies where many organs and tissues are affected throughout the body, intramuscular injection is not practical for delivering a corrective gene to the body's more than 600 muscle groups. Recently, Dr. Xiao's team demonstrated that a type of AAV, known as AAV-8, is particularly efficie...

Regenerating worms help elucidate stem cell biology

...ntiated cells," Sánchez Alvarado said, "but as the tissues begin to turn over and there are no stem cells to ...emarkable maintenance and recreation of the varied tissues that make up a flatworm. Earlier this year, they got their first clues when they individually turn...

Mammalian Transcriptome Mapped

...mounted to fishing all the RNA out of a variety of tissues and cells and sequencing the pieces that were found. While genomic DNA is comprised of some 3 billion "nucleotide" bases in humans and other mammals, RNA transcripts may be anywhere from a few dozen to several thousand nucleotides. Or, to describe t...

Embryonic stem cells accrue genetic changes

...he future these cells might help replace or repair tissues lost to disease or injury. Because embryonic stem cells can become any type of cell found in the body, in theory they could replace certain pancreas cells in people with type I diabetes, or regenerate brain cells lost in a person with Parkinson's dis...

Student scientists create living bacterial photographs

...echniques could one day be used to build different tissues based on patterns of light or make bacteria that can produce structures useful in medical treatments. The students are already busy on their next innovation--bacteria that can find and create a line around the edges of an image, a process that requi...

New genetic test can detect clam disease

...lowitz uses traditional microscopic examination of tissues to determine if clams are sick. Gast's genetic test can now also be used to ensure clams without visible symptoms are not carrying the disease. With the disease spreading along the East Coast and no cure, the researchers say the best solution for ...

Sickle cell disease corrected in human models using stem cell-based gene therapy

...ity to flow through small blood vessels, depriving tissues of adequate oxygen supply. This can cause pain, anemia, infections, organ damage, and stroke. Approximately 80,000 people in the United States have this inherited condition, which is primarily found in people of African, Mediterranean, Indian, or Mid...

New possibilities for flu antiviral and vaccine research emerge from 'Spanish flu' virus

... in fragments from lung autopsy materials and lung tissues from a flu victim who was buried in the Alaskan permafrost in 1918. The virus is contained at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), following stringent safety conditions designated for flu viruses and heightened security elements ma...

Shorter colds, milder flu may follow from newly revealed immune mechanism

...y virus infection than normal mice. Examining lung tissues from these CCL5-deficient mice, the researchers saw that macrophages--which would ordinarily enter the airway, clean up virus-infected cells and then leave--remained stuck in the airway tissue. It became apparent that the macrophages were unable to l...

Cells from amniotic fluid used to tissue-engineer a new trachea

... mesenchymal stem cells, that can make many of the tissues needed to perform repairs, Fauza says. While tra...er, has been investigating the idea of growing new tissues and organs for these tiny patients for eight years. Since the tissue-engineered grafts are made from...

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