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Tag: "time" at biology news

In young mice, gregariousness seems to reside in the genes

...e from one strain are amicable, spending much more time seeking out and interacting with other mice introduced into their environment. By controlling for a host of behavioral variables during the course of adolescent development, the researchers demonstrated specific differences in social motivations amon...

Scientists see DNA get 'sunburned' for the first time

...ll sustain sunburn. This is, however, the first time anyone has observed the initial molecular events b...the position of the DNA during the extremely brief time required for it to absorb UV light. Either two thymine bases are lined up in just the right way to b...

Rapid response was crucial to containing the 1918 flu pandemic

..., nonpharmaceutical interventions may buy valuable time at the beginning of a pandemic while a targeted va...influenza virus mutates as it replicates, and over time these mutations can alter the virus enough that older vaccines are no longer effective. With current...

Risk of HIV transmission highest early in infection

...arly stages of infection, before the virus had had time to mutate much. Therefore, early infection—also known as primary infection—which represented “less than 10 percent of the total samples, disproportionately accounted for about half of subsequent transmission events.? A high viral load associated w...

New success in engineering plant oils

...hy food oils. "Scientists have known for a long time that the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids plays a key role in plants' ability to adapt to different climates, but to change this ratio specifically in seed oils without changing the climate is an interesting challenge," remarked Shanklin...

Sandia researchers take new approach to studying how cells respond to pathogens

...of exposure. Their method looks at cells one at a time as they start trying to fight the invading pathoge...many as 10 to 40 proteins and cellular stains at a time in three dimensions. The end results of the imaging and protein analysis are large amounts of dat...

Transfusion expert urges wider use of filtered blood

...ings from less use of antibiotics, reduced patient time in the ICU, and shorter lengths of hospital stays ... overdue safety measure the FDA could take at this time is to mandate leukoreduction of all transfusions through its regulatory power." Blumberg's group ...

Brain's reward circuit activity ebbs and flows with a woman's hormonal cycle

...ty in a frontal cortex (executive hub) area at the time of reward delivery compared to men. ...

Study suggests some drug resistance to influenza B medications

...importance of continual monitoring of strains over time and to the need for frequent rethinking of policies for use of antiviral drugs. While the news about resistance is not good and certainly calls into question some of the current assumptions about drug-resistant viruses, an effective response to this ...

Red flag for repetitive stress injuries identified for first time in humans

For the first time in humans, scientists have found early indicators of inflammation ?potential warning signs ?in work-related injuries caused by repetitive motion. Their findings could someday lead to early detection and prevention of debilitating conditions such as...

Researchers from the University of Navarra analyze new kinds of cancer-fighting antibodies

...the sole means of treatment, and we will need more time in order to know if its effects in treatment combinations are as positive as the results on test animals predict. Aside from this, there are another four members of this monoclonal antibiotic family, which stimulate the immune system, currently be...

Glucose triggers brain cell death in rats after hypoglycemic coma

...d cognition. "This study tells us for the first time that, in rats, the brain damage occurs not during the coma, but after it, when we give them glucose and their blood glucose levels return to normal," says principal investigator Raymond A. Swanson, MD, chief of the neurology and rehabilitation servic...

In obesity, brain becomes 'unaware' of fat

...hers fed mice a high-fat diet for 20 weeks, a long time for the mice, which live only for a couple of years. For reasons that remain unclear, some of the genetically identical mice became obese when fed such a diet, while others did not. “On a high-fat diet, not all of the animals become fat,?Cowley sa...

Despite their heft, many dinosaurs had surprisingly tiny genomes

...lar housing allowed the scientists to look back in time at the size of 31 extinct species' genomes: By measuring lacunae in dinosaur and extinct bird specimens housed at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology and at the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman, Mont., they were able to determine just how big the...

Researchers learn what sparks plant growth

...ypes of plant tissues, shows clearly for the first time how plants "decide" to grow. The research, conduc..."It’s been a matter of some debate for a very long time if one of these tissue layers controls plant growth or if all three layers have to work together," C...

Selectivity is ultimate aphrodisiac

...he past, social psychologists have had a difficult time observing initial romantic attraction in action, but the speed-dating methodology used in this study allowed the investigators to take a serious look at the chemistry that has been at the center of so much literature, art and imagination throughout t...

Brown cancer biologists identify major player in cell growth

... GABP-making gene. These DNA bits would serve as a time bomb of sorts, deleting a critical piece of the ge...m and watched them grow. When they detonated their time bomb, GABP was disrupted, and the fibroblasts' ability to divide was dramatically reduced. At the sa...

Individual differences in a clock gene predict decline of performance during sleep deprivation

...s early-morning period corresponds to stretches of time when shift workers struggle to stay awake, during ...ger form of the gene spent about 50% more of their time in slow-wave sleep, the deepest form of sleep. Slow-wave sleep is a marker of sleep need, and it is ...

Imaging pinpoints brain regions that 'see the future'

...nitive processes underlying another form of mental time travel -- the ability to clearly imagine or "see" ...ns. "In our daily lives, we probably spend more time envisioning what we're going to do tomorrow or later on in the day than we do remembering, but not m...

MIT model helps researchers 'see' brain development

...lows the researchers to analyze their changes over time and space. The original brain scan is then represented computationally with points. Charting each baby's brain requires about 130,000 points per hemisphere. Yu decomposed these points into a representation using just 42 points that shows only the...

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