Meeting the ethanol challenge: Scientists use supercomputer to target cellulose bottleneck
...y using the supercomputer simulations to break the throw down into a step-by-step process, the scientists can see the precise details of the role of velocity, trajectory, movement, and arm angle. To undertake the large-scale simulations, the researchers used the CHARMM (Chemistry at HARvard Molecular Mecha...Fused nasal bones helped tyrannosaurids dismember prey
.... rex could toss its head at a 45 degree angle and throw a 50kg person five metres in the air. And that's with conservative estimates of the creature's muscle force, says Snively. "We kept the muscle numbers down because we thought they couldn't possibly be that powerful, but Tyrrell museum colleagues sho...Left-right wiring determined by neural communication in the embryonic worm
...dedness. From the hand used to pick up a pencil or throw a baseball, to where language is generated in the brain, to the orientation of our internal organs, humans are a glut of asymmetries. Worms aren't so different: The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has nerves on its left and right sides that perform ......t of the family tree of all living animals and can throw new light on the origin of such complex features as the nervous and immune systems of vertebrates. Around 10 or 12 per cent of the known coral genes are in fact shared uniquely with vertebrates ?these are genes that have been lost from all other a...