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Tag: "thought" at biology news

Small, smaller, smallest -- The plight of the vaquita

...nt distribution is more restricted than previously thought ?confined to a small area off the eastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula. What is driving the vaquita towards extinction" It is not, as is so often the case, degradation of its habitat. A risk factor analysis discounted pollution or the dr...

Evolution and the workaround

...ving things are resourceful, which is a comforting thought unless the living thing in question is a pathogen or a cancer cell. Noxious cells excel at developing drug resistance, outwitting immune systems, and evading cellular controls. They even show an unhealthy talent for surviving internal perturbations...

HIV/AIDS linked to extensively drug resistant TB

...tuberculosis is far more prevalent than previously thought and that XDR tuberculosis has been transmitted to HIV co-infected patients and associated with high mortality." Future studies will involve defining the extent and consequences of the problem in greater detail, Friedland said, with operational res...

Giant insects might reign if only there was more oxygen in the air

... creature was discovered the next day, lab workers thought it had drowned. But when they removed its apparently lifeless little body from the water, they were surprised to see it crawl away. Tracheae grow disproportionately This experiment was designed to find out: how much room the tracheal sy...

SARS: No evidence that any of the treatments worked

... model with arthritis. Reactive oxygen species are thought to be important in defense against pathogens. The researcher tested phytol, which increased oxidative burst in vivo, and found that it improved the arthritis in the mouse model with arthritis. In testing, also in mice, phytol showed comparative effec...

Scientists find new way to manipulate DNA

...s it turns out, much of what scientists previously thought about why polymers break when subjected to strong flows, such as waves crashing against a ship's bow, was wrong. This is important for a few reasons, said Michael Solomon, associate professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Macromolecu...

Scientists find mutations that let bird flu adapt to humans

...y in the human respiratory system. The change is thought to occur when human patients are exposed at the same time to a human flu virus and an avian flu virus. Most viruses, including influenza, readily swap genes with one another. In the new study, conducted by an international team of researchers, the...

Leading reason for corneal transplants comes into focus

...examined the Indiana family and discovered what he thought at the time was the youngest case of FCD ever described in the scientific literature, the 10-year-old boy. However, literature published 25 years ago described a Virginia family with a 3-year-old girl with the disease. Gottsch contacted the original ...

U of S Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization team discovers key step in flu virus replication

...n be used as live vaccines. The pathway can be thought of as an assembly line with a switch to turn it on, says Zhou. "If the switch is turned on, the pathway enables efficient production of more viruses. But only the NS1 protein can turn on the switch." The researchers are investigating genes and pr...

Scientists discover role for dueling RNAs

...ve found that a class of RNA molecules, previously thought to have no function, may in fact protect sex cells...easuring the sense RNA, with antisense transcripts thought to have no meaning at all," says Fink. "Here we've found a process in which antisense RNA regulates ...

Adolescent but not adult hamsters are more aggressive on low dose of fluoxetine

...f serotonin, a naturally occuring neurotransmitter thought to be involved in depression, by keeping it available longer in the brain's synapses. It is known to inhibit aggression in adult hamsters. Hamsters are often used as an animal model for studying the neural basis of social behavior, given how the ro...

Researchers image molecular motor structural changes

... propel itself along the microtubule." Humans are thought to have approximately 45 different molecular motor...s Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. These disorders are thought to be linked to deficiencies in transport by the molecular motors of chemical neurotransmitters that...

Exposure to dioxins influences male reproductive system, study of Vietnam veterans concludes

...e reason for this increase is not known, but it is thought that these disorders might be caused by environmen... are among the most toxic substances known and are thought to be partially responsible for this increase in male reproductive tract disorders. They are formed ...

Caterpillars tell us how bacteria cause disease

...tem response and are able to spread rapidly. It is thought this is how bacteria, such as Yersinia pestis ?the cause of plague, could have evolved to wreak havoc in humans. Dr Nick Waterfield, who is leading the study, explained: "Bacteria have been interacting with simple animals such as amoeba and insec...

Neural stem cells lend the brain a surprising capacity for self-repair

...t the University of California, San Francisco. "We thought that the mice would not live long, but by four weeks, the hole was largely repaired and the animals survived. "It was a big surprise. It was not known that the brain has this kind of ability to repair itself." Jan and his colleagues first discov...

Cellular traffic backups implicated in skeletal malformations

...investigator on the study, because this pathway is thought to be so universal that a defect would prove fatal just hours after fertilization. But the mutant fish, named crusher, hatched and survived to nine days, albeit with striking skeletal abnormalities ?craniofacial defects, kinked fins and shortened bod...

Pleasure and pain: Study shows brain's 'pleasure chemical' is involved in response to pain too

For years, the brain chemical dopamine has been thought of as the brain's "pleasure chemical," sending signals between brain cells in a way that rewards a person or animal for one activity or another. More recently, research has shown that certain drugs like cocaine and heroin amplify this effect ?an acti...

Researchers give name to ancient mystery creature

...ich are traditionally herbivores, Horolodectes was thought to have dined on small insects and grubs. "It had sharp crests on the teeth which formed blades, indicating it was likely carnivorous," said Craig Scott, a PhD candidate and lead author of the study. Horolodectes means 'hourglass biter', in reference...

Mirrors in the mind: New studies elucidate how the brain reflects onto itself the actions of others

...perpetrated by another individual. This ability is thought to be based in the activity of so-called mirror neurons, which have been hypothesized to contribute to skills such as empathy, socialized behavior, and language acquisition. The new findings contribute to our understanding of how conceptually relat...

Fish species plays surprise role in aiding coral reef recovery

...t browser was a rare batfish, a species previously thought to be an invertebrate feeder. Meanwhile, parrotfishes and surgeonfishes, which are the routine consumers of seaweed on coral reefs, were unable to reverse runaway algal blooms. The study’s findings highlight the unexpected importance of a single ...

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