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Tag: "then" at biology news

Human's ecological footprint in 2015 and Amazonia revealed

...vironmental impact at the nation-state level. They then utilize their results to project future levels of ...ch hypothesized driver on environmental impact was then estimated and used to project future levels of stressors. They found that increased affluence exacer...

Need oxygen? Cells know how to spend and save

...g and colon cells all made COX4-2. The researchers then exposed mice to hypoxia for a few weeks and found that they too showed increased levels of COX4-2. In 1992, Semenza's team had discovered a protein which they called HIF-1 (for hypoxia-inducible factor 1) that cells make in response to hypoxia. H...

The sturdier sex? -- Study by Pittsburgh scientists finds female stem cells work better

...muscle-derived stem cells into dystrophic mice and then measured the cells?ability to regenerate dystrophin-expressing muscle fibers. They then calculated the regeneration index (RI) ?the ratio of dystrophin-positive fibers per 100,000 donor ce...

Selectivity is ultimate aphrodisiac

... partner above and beyond your other options, only then is your desire likely to be reciprocated. (Think hallelujah, finally, someone really gets me.) In the past, social psychologists have had a difficult time observing initial romantic attraction in action, but the speed-dating methodology used in t...

Cambodian vulture nests offer hope for species

...end what we know is already a successful strategy, then we should be able to conserve these species forever." ...

Veterinary scientists explore poultry virus as cancer killer

...tion of the desired changes in the cDNA, which are then transferred faithfully to the recombinant virus. In the current investigation, Subbiah and his associates are altering the fusion protein of NDV to replicate only in the presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA), which is found exclusively in c...

MIT model helps researchers 'see' brain development

...ver time and space. The original brain scan is then represented computationally with points. Charting each baby's brain requires about 130,000 points per hemisphere. Yu decomposed these points into a representation using just 42 points that shows only the coarsest folds. By adding more points, she cre...

Woven scaffolds could improve cartilage repair

...nvolves removing cartilage cells from patients and then "growing" them in a laboratory to form new cartila...ells and chemicals that stimulate their growth and then implant them into patients during a single procedure, the researchers said. "By taking a syntheti...

Metacognition: Faced with a test, rats can check their knowledge first

...ot have obtained during a "study period," and were then given a choice of taking the test or declining it. Animals were taught that by electing to take the test and passing it, they would receive a large reward, but that failing the test would yield no reward. Declining the test would yield a small reward...

Tracking sperm whales and jumbo squid

...s were designed to detach at a predetermined time, then float to the surface and transmit stored data to t... prey that migrate toward the surface at night and then return to deeper waters during the day. Unlike squid, however, the sperm whales did not alter the...

Study calculates patient time costs associated with cancer care

...outpatient surgeries, and imaging procedures. They then estimated how long each patient spent traveling to...d manufacturers should quantify these benefits and then convey them to patients, providers, and health insurers. ...

Scientists learn the origin of rogue B cells

... to create systems to visualize complex phenomena, then to allow nature to give you the answers to your qu...he editing cells during development, for instance, then you would only have lymphocytes that don't express self-receptors at all," he says. For now, the ...

Bacterial walls come tumbling down

...ould ultimately reveal its natural structure. They then were able to repeat the feat to reveal the crystal structure of the enzyme combined with the animal antibiotic. Their findings help reveal how the enzyme prepares to assemble the bacteria's sugar-coating by plucking sugars from a fat-sugar package...

NIAID DNA vaccine for H5N1 avian influenza enters human trial

...d by growing the influenza virus in hens' eggs and then administered as a weakened or killed form of the virus, DNA-based vaccines contain only portions of the influenza virus' genetic material. Once inside the body, the DNA instructs human cells to make proteins that act as a vaccine against the virus. ...

How trees manage water in arid environments

...it, in a few minutes it will be gone -- melted and then evaporated. In Indiana, if you drop a piece of ice...y season in May and June when water is scarce, and then quickly respond to the sudden availability of water at the onset of the monsoon in July. As unlik...

Remote sheep population resists genetic drift

...opulation peaked around 700 in the 1970s and since then has bounced between 200 and 600. Coltman and hi...d been kept as hunted "trophies" in the 1960s, and then scientists arrived in the '70s and began collecting samples themselves. "The Haute Island mouflon...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...te. The hybrid easily penetrates a cell's surface, then is split apart by enzymes inside the cell. Once inside the cell, ManNAc is processed into another sugar known as sialic acid that plays key roles in cancer biology, while butyrate orchestrates the expression of genes responsible for halting the uncon...

Soft-cell approach cuts animal tests

...ster membrane inside a small diffusion chamber and then exposed to selected toxic air pollutants. After as little as one hour's exposure, they can study cell growth and metabolism, and a range of routine toxicological endpoints. Importantly, the toxic measurements obtained by the in vitro method, such a...

Are one-third of costly implanted heart devices unnecessary? New study suggests yes

...-third of patients who had negative MTWA tests and then received ICDs were no less likely to die than those with similar test results who didn't receive ICDs. "This is the first study to demonstrate that a subset of patients who meet current criteria for defibrillator placement may not benefit at all ...

When your brain talks, your muscles don't always listen

...st before you begin the upturn toward one peak and then it eases off again in the downturn toward a valley...esearchers Maria Bellumori and Christopher Martens then analyzed the firing-rate data for frequency and amplitude in a tedious process that Knight hopes to ...

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