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Tag: "then" at biology news

3 proteins may play important role in nerve-cell repair

... cells to increase the levels of the proteins, and then used a laboratory technique called RNA intereference to turn off production of the proteins. Of the three molecules, GPR3 was the most abundant in the nerve cells, while GPR12 was the most potent at stimulating growth of the nerve extensions. The...

McBride shows DNA detective work with paper-eating bacteria that 'glide'

...nts" of F. johnsoniae that are unable to move, and then attempted to "repair" them by inserting certain pieces of DNA. In this way, they have uncovered nearly all the genetic components that propel the cells. It has been a long process. A decade ago, his lab had found one protein involved. He now knows ...

Stem cells act through multiple mechanisms to benefit mice with neurodegenerative disease

... combined synergistic therapies, the investigators then gave the mice a simple oral drug that permitted th...of its fundamental biology. The researchers then sought to extend their insights to the use of human stem cells - either stem cells turned into neura...

A genetic 'gang of 4' drives spread of breast cancer

...ancer cells that had metastasized to the lung, and then tested these cells in mice. To silence the four genes, the scientists used a technique called RNA interference, in which RNA molecules are tailored to suppress expression of target genes. "We found that depriving aggressive metastatic tumor cells o...

Cocoa 'vitamin' health benefits could outshine penicillin

...t failure, cancer and diabetes, is reduced to less then 10% in the Kuna. They can drink up to 40 cups of c...hin. 'If these observations predict the future, then we can say without blushing that they are among the most important observations in the history of me...

Researchers find gene mutation that causes infertility in male mice

...randomly induced mutations in the mouse genome and then looked for infertility in the resulting mice. They then analyzed the DNA of the sterile males and identified the allele that caused the infertility. While m...

Research finds music training 'tunes' human auditory system

...ne means "to bewilder," and in a dipping (falling then rising) tone means "rice." English, on the other hand, only uses pitch to reflect intonation (as when rising pitch is used in questions). As the subjects watched the movie, the researchers used electrophysiological methods to measure and graph t...

A new study of living cells could revolutionize the way we test drugs

... be seen as absurd or science-fictional. If not us then someone else will soon develop a technique sensitive enough for such studies." ...

Renegade RNA -- Clues to cancer and normal growth

...ell's genetic material is kept. The researchers then stuck the same six-block end onto another type of small RNA, a small-interfering RNA or siRNA that turns off genes. This also forced the siRNA into the nucleus. According to Mendell, these results demonstrate for the first time that despite their ...

Cold sore virus might play role in Alzheimer's disease

...up in a "lytic" phase where it causes cell damage, then retreating and seeking safe harbor within the body's nerves in a "latent" phase. The virus spends most of its time in the latent phase, sequestered in cells, not active and not replicating. But occasionally, when triggered by factors like stress, fat...

Protein fragments sequenced in 68 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex

...mn, where they were separated from one another and then sprayed at extremely low, or nanoliter, flow rates, for optimal sensitivity, into a mass spectrometer. Typically, a mass spectrometer measures the mass, specifically the mass-to-charge ratio, of peptides as they come off the LC column. To maximize...

Smell may outlast other senses

... different odours at different concentrations, and then given an overall score for their sense of smell, or olfactory function. The results showed that olfactory function deteriorates relatively slowly with age in those who do not smoke, take medications or have a history of nasal problems such as sinu...

Analysis of rhesus monkey genome uncovers genetic differences with humans, chimps

...s using different and complementary approaches and then combined into a single "melded assembly." In their analysis, scientists from 35 institutions compared this melded assembly to the reference sequence of the human genome, a newer unpublished draft sequence of the chimp genome, the sequence of more tha...

Genetic pathways to curable and incurable forms of pancreatic cancer identified

...ing the pancreatic cancer oncogene called Kras and then selectively mutating tumor-suppressor genes such as p53, p16 and Dpc4 in different combinations. In the mouse model, which Hingorani first developed while at the University of Pennsylvania, the combination of Kras and p53 led to the more deadly f...

Cancer-killing invention also harvests stem cells

...he white blood cells within fractions of a second, then immediately release the cells back into the bloods...it flow through the bloodstream to a remote organ, then leaves the bloodstream and forms a secondary tumor. This is how cancer spreads. He put these facts...

Bacteria control how infectious they become, study finds

...s small portion of the protein is unmasked and can then turn on a select group of genes. These genes let disease-causing bacteria infect their host while at the same time protecting the bacteria from the host's immune defenses. “E. coli seems to prevent RfaH from acting unless the microorganism absolut...

Antifungal drug kills TB bug

...the initial attack by the body’s immune system and then lies dormant, usually in the lungs, waiting for any sign of weakness, such as a secondary infection. Its resurgence over the last 20 years has been closely associated with the AIDS epidemic, which destroys the human immune system and has allowed TB t...

Reading hidden intentions in the human brain

... one correct for the subtraction choice). Subjects then selected the correct answer according to their planned task, revealing their intended action. The researchers found that during the delay between the subjects' choice of task and execution of the task, it was possible to decode from activities in ...

Progress toward artificial photosynthesis?

...ree amino groups present in the carbon nitride. It then oxidizes the benzene to phenol, and in the end the highly desirable CO separates from the catalyst. "This could make novel, previously unknown chemistry of CO2 accessible," hopes Antonietti. "It may even be the first step in artificial photosynthesis...

Wired for sound: How the brain senses visual illusions

...ory stimulation might not be processed separately, then merged together, as previously assumed, but that an almost-simultaneous integration of the sensations may actually take place in the brain." The UCSD scientists measured event-related potentials (ERPs), brain responses that are directly related to...

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