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Tag: "tasks" at biology news

Twin molecular scissors link creation of microRNAs with gene-silencing

...is a molecule used to store and release energy for tasks throughout the body. "The work of RISC is being accomplished with no energy requirement whatsoever," Shiekhattar says. "All of the activity ?the separation of the strands, the multiple cutting steps, everything ?is being done in the absence of any e...

UCLA imaging study of children with autism finds broken mirror neuron system

...zing with them. All of the children rehearsed the tasks prior to the fMRI scans to assure researchers they could perform the tasks. Both groups performed equally well. Normal brain activity in areas of the brain involving sight and facial movements indicated that the children with autism remained on task ...

Men and women differ in brain use during same tasks

...rformed memory tasks, verbal tasks, visual spatial tasks and simple motor tasks while their brain activity was monitored with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) technolog...

Hot-spring bacteria flip a metabolic switch

...ocument an organism that can juggle both metabolic tasks within a single cell at high temperatures, and also helps answer longstanding questions about how hot-spring microbial communities get essential nitrogen compounds. Carnegie's Arthur Grossman, Devaki Bhaya, and Anne-Soisig Steunou, along with collea...

The closest look ever at the cell's machines

...o tell us how they populate the cell and partition tasks among themselves." The study combined a method of extracting complete protein complexes from cells (tandem affinity purification, developed in 2001 by Bertrand Séraphin at EMBL), mass spectrometry and bioinformatics to investigate the entire protein...

U of MN researchers identify ataxia gene

...coordination resulting in difficulty with everyday tasks such as walking, speech, and writing. About 1 in 17,000 people have a genetic form of ataxia. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a dominant gene disorder; if a parent has the disease, each of their children has a 50 percent chance of inheritin...

University of Utah to help build bionic arm

... over four years. The laboratory is subcontracting tasks to 28 other universities, labs, hospitals and companies. Under a contract signed with the Applied Physics Laboratory last month, as much as 18 percent of the $54.8 million will come to the University of Utah, which will get up to $4.8 million for th...

Both alcoholism and chronic smoking can damage the brain's prefrontal cortex

... over four years. The laboratory is subcontracting tasks to 28 other universities, labs, hospitals and companies. Under a contract signed with the Applied Physics Laboratory last month, as much as 18 percent of the $54.8 million will come to the University of Utah, which will get up to $4.8 million for th...

How 'hot' emotional brain interferes with 'cool' processing

...nal processing. In contrast, they found, cognitive tasks involving memory processes activated a "dorsal executive system." To their surprise, the researchers also found that the emotional distracters not only activated the ventral system, but also deactivated the dorsal regions. In the new study, the res...

Weizmann Institute suggests that immune cells help to maintain cognition and brain cell renewal

...S-specific T cells performed better in some memory tasks than mice lacking CNS-specific T cells. Based on these findings, the scientists suggest that the presence of CNS-specific T cells in mice plays a role in maintaining learning and memory abilities in adulthood. Schwartz points out that the role of t...

Common enzyme is a key player in DNA repair

...he proteins that carry out the routine and complex tasks necessary for life. Now, researchers in Walker's lab have discovered that the enzyme DinB is exceptionally skilled at copying over a particular kind of damage to the G nucleotide. When the main DNA replication machinery stalls at the damaged G, the...

Morning grogginess more debilitating than sleep deprivation, according to CU-Boulder study

...kers who are often called upon to perform critical tasks immediately after waking, since cognitive deficiencies following 24 hours of sleep deprivation have previously been shown to be comparable to the effects of alcohol intoxication, he said. The study appears in the Jan. 11 issue of the Journal of the ...

Losing sleep undoes the rejuvenating effects new learning has on the brain

...g to understand how that happens: Learning spatial tasks increases the production of new cells in an area o...tform The researchers trained rats on one of two tasks using a water maze -- a plastic pool about six feet in circumference and two feet deep. Rats were pl...

Understanding the actions of others requires the frontal cortex

...an a second, to test the role of frontal cortex in tasks other than language. The findings are reported in the March 7th issue of Current Biology. In their study, the researchers showed participants video clips of a person lifting up a box, and asked the participants to determine the weight of the box by ...

Stem cell transplants improve recovery in animal models for stroke, cerebral palsy

...animals were tested across a range of standardized tasks both before and after undergoing the surgically induced stroke, and measurements were made of their performance. Following the stroke, both control animals and those that received a single injection of stem cells were evaluated for a period of up to...

DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome

...can perform these and a multitude of other amazing tasks and with the proper technology we can harness these capabilities." DOE JGI, a national user facility, has sequenced or is in the process of sequencing over 380 organisms, more than any other institution in the world. DOE JGI averages over 3.1 billi...

Life and death in the hippocampus: what young neurons need to survive

...e-aged "exercised" rats perform better on learning tasks such as maze swimming, indicating that new neurons are more than just a backup supply but actually enhance learning. "Remarkably, new neurons are born in the hippocampus, a structure whose function is to acquire new information," says Gage. "That ...

Lost in thought: Brain research

...ipated: When subjects were given outwardly-focused tasks that demanded their full attention, areas of the brain that relate to the self were not only inactive ?they appeared to be vigorously suppressed. The functional brain scans were done with an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) system, which maps brai...

Carnegie Mellon researchers discover key deficiencies in brains of people with autism

...brain that deal with imagery, even when completing tasks that would not normally call for visualization. "Human thought is a network property. You think not with one brain area at a time, but with a network of collaborating brain areas, with emphasis on collaborating. In autism, the network connectivity ...

Mice learn tasks that may help treat human psychiatric disorders

...uter texture. After experience solving a number of tasks with this cue, the animals were given a new cue fo...ell. "Like people performing a series of similar tasks over and over and then having to change their focus to a new problem, the mice continued to look for...

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