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Tag: "targets" at biology news

Preventing a pandemic: Study suggests strategies for containing a flu outbreak

...graphically targeted antiviral prophylaxis," which targets people within a certain geographic range of the initial case, produced similar results as long as it achieved coverage of 90 percent. Vaccination before the outbreak, even with a vaccine that is poorly matched to the actual virus strain, increased t...

Studies on human genome variation provide insight into disease

...inov, "so that we can someday identify therapeutic targets for this disease." Contact: Vladimir Larionov, Ph.D. Head, Genome Structure and Function Section, National Cancer Institute Phone: 301-496-7941 E-mail: larionov@mail.nih.gov Genetic traffic in DiGeorge syndrome One of the most common hum...

Dendritic cells offer new therapeutic target for drugs to treat MS and other autoimmune disease

...ring with a blood cell growth gene, known as FLT3, targets an immune system cell often ignored in favor of T-cell targets in standard therapies. FLT3, which controls the development of healthy blood cells, was identified...

Housecat-sized Siberian tiger cubs get collared

...inov, "so that we can someday identify therapeutic targets for this disease." Contact: Vladimir Larionov, Ph.D. Head, Genome Structure and Function Section, National Cancer Institute Phone: 301-496-7941 E-mail: larionov@mail.nih.gov Genetic traffic in DiGeorge syndrome One of the most common hum...

Study hints at role of stem cell genes in testicular, breast cancers

...y. As such, the genes ultimately could lead to new targets for therapy or markers for diagnosis. A next step, according to the researchers, will be to "dig deeper" to determine the functions of the genes in the cells that make up the tumors. Another step will be to explore whether the genes are expressed i...

MicroRNAs have shaped the evolution of the majority of mammalian genes

... "Many of these evolutionarily conserved microRNA targets are known to be active in the processes of cell proliferation, development, and cancer," says Farh. "Our genomes have good reason to maintain the microRNA targeting sites necessary for turning down these genes at the appropriate place and time." An...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

..."NMD is an elegant process that offers a number of targets for future medical therapies," Maquat said. "Beyond its role in screening out faulty mRNAs through immediate decay, we have also learned that the NMD factor Upf1 is part of a related process that regulates the expression of many normal genes by contr...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

...parable way for global analysis of the methylation targets in the cell," Klimasauskas observed. DNA is not the only molecule that is naturally methylated in the cell -- RNA and proteins also undergo methylation, and the enzymes that carry out these reactions also rely on AdoMet as their methyl source. Since...

Researcher uncovers details of how cancer spreads

.... "So from here, if someone identifies a drug that targets this pathway, it is possible the drug will not affect normal cell function but will affect cancer cell activity." That, in turn, would alleviate drug side effects. Guan and his colleagues used a cultured cell line to study cancer, which are mouse ce...

HIV inserts into human genome using a DNA-associated protein

...to specific sites on chromosomes suggests that HIV targets integration using a molecular tether. Retroviruses contain RNA in their particles. They enter a cell and convert RNA into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase and then integrate that DNA copy into the DNA of the host, using the integrase enzyme....

Grabbing addiction by the tail

...g, but because the artificial peptide specifically targets only the deleterious internalization process of addiction-affected neurons, and not normal receptor function, the animals who received it behaved normally and were able to learn as usual. "So far, we have not seen any obvious side effects at all," s...

Brazilians sequence genes of pig and poultry killers

...that the scientists identified several interesting targets for future research in this way. Grisard and 90 other researchers from 25 Brazilian laboratories published the sequencing results in the latest issue of Journal of Bacteriology. Brazil is the world's second biggest producer of chicken meat. Accordi...

NIAID researchers show how promising TB drug works

...entists optimize the drug candidate, PA-824, which targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). "PA-824, now in early stage clinical trials, holds promise for shortening the TB treatment regimen, which is currently cumbersome and lengthy," says NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "This new finding will al...

Scientists determine structure of enzyme that disrupts bacterial virulence

...otential therapies based on this enzyme is that it targets a different pathway than current antibiotics." The enzyme works by disrupting the ability of certain bacteria to sense their own population growth ?the key to triggering genes that can increase virulence. In order to sense the size of their own pop...

New neurons take baby steps in the adult brain

... dentate gyrus," says Song. Among the most likely targets for regeneration or replacement efforts are the dopamine-producing neurons that die in Parkinson's disease, muscle-controlling nerves that succumb in diseases like muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or nerves that are damaged by tr...

Polymer gel can block toxic leakage problem in gene therapy

...er, most viruses escaped from their intended tumor targets during the first 10 minutes. Prompted by reports of animal deaths during past gene therapy trials with adenoviruses, this study provided the first direct research evidence that therapeutic gene-bearing viruses were being disseminated away from the t...

Nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanotubes: How tiny specks may provide powerful tools against cancer

...ibodies ?so-called guided missiles that home in on targets on the surface of cancer cells ?were specific for ...n animals as well. "The gene therapy using p53 targets tumors and metastases is going into the clinic as a prototype of gene delivery strategy for this tec...

Storing carbon to combat global warming may cause other environmental problems, study suggests

...ticularly in these relatively drier spots that are targets for sequestration." Almost all plantation trees are heavy water using evergreen species such as pines and eucalyptus, he added. However, the researchers said adding more of these plantations would also release more moisture into a region's atmospher...

New possibilities for flu antiviral and vaccine research emerge from 'Spanish flu' virus

...rn which components of the virus would be the best targets for such therapies, Terrence Tumpey of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and his colleagues revisited the 1918 Spanish flu virus. Their results may also provide a benchmark for measuring the potential virulence of future flu strains as ...

New view of cancer: 'Epigenetic' changes come before mutations

...those at risk for cancer, as they might be crucial targets for epigenetic alteration and might be an important target for prevention and screening," he says. Authors on the review are Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins; Rolf Ohlsson of Uppsala University, Sweden; and Steven Henikoff of the Howard Hughes Medic...

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