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Tag: "targets" at biology news

Stopping smallpox in its tracks: A new anti-viral approach

...iated by the smallpox growth factor (SPGF). SPGF targets the erbB-1 signaling molecule, which normally initiates an intracellular cascade that facilitates viral replication. This study shows that drugs that interfere with erbB-1 signaling inhibit SPGF-induced viral replication and spread. The authors show ...

Microbial forensics: The next great forensic challenge

...for many agents; numerous unprotected agricultural targets exist; and the availability of basic knowledge and biological equipment in hospitals, universities, industries, and from commercial sources. In addition, "A perpetrator can be long gone by the time a disease takes effect, and the original crime scene...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

... inexpensively to silence a single gene. Promising targets could include viruses like HIV and hepatitis C or cancer-causing oncogenes. An RNAi-based treatment for age-related macular degeneration is already in clinical trials." Ruvkun is a professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. RNAi was originally...

Researchers report new pro-inflammatory role for anti-inflammatory enzyme

...r research in this area and thereby identify novel targets for treatment of inflammatory diseases." ...

Used in a new way, RNA interference permanently silences key breast cancer gene

...small double-stranded RNA (RNAi) that specifically targets a gene's product, its messenger RNA. This action then blocks translation and production of the protein that the gene encodes. In this study, the researchers used a lentivirus (a type of retrovirus) to deliver a specifically designed long-acting smal...

New understanding of DNA repair may pave way to cancer treatments

... May 27th edition of Molecular Cell, points to new targets for treatment of cancer. Ze'ev Ronai, Ph.D., Director of the Institute's Signal Transduction Program, and his colleagues found that the protein ATF2 ("Activating Transcription Factor-2") is activated by a protein kinase called ATM ("Ataxia-Telangiec...

Cerebral navigation: How do nerve fibers know what direction to grow in?

...cues affect the growth cone, and identify possible targets within axons that could be blocked to overcome this inhibition. Such intervention could possibly enable damaged axons to regenerate (normally impossible in a mature nervous system) and ultimately restore nerve function. It's been known that cells sy...

A puzzle piece found in unraveling the wiring of the brain

...red for nerve cells to make appropriate choices of targets on which to act. The Sec15 protein is part of a protein complex (the exocyst) which is known to be required for secretion (or exocytosis) of vesicular compartments in yeast. Vesicular compartments are small organelles that transport proteins from on...

Cooperation is key—a new way of looking at MicroRNA and how it controls gene expression

...entary to the microRNA's sequence. But finding the targets of these microRNA proved difficult, and by the tur...dn't work. The homology searches yielded far fewer targets than expected and could not account for all known microRNAs. The reason, says Han, is that scientist...

Turning viruses into allies against cancer

... this receptor thus makes liver cancer cells ideal targets for the measles virus. The results confirmed widespread infectivity, toxicity and destruction among these cells, probably through apoptosis or programmed cell death. When the modified virus was injected directly into human liver cancer cells grafted...

Protein helps regulate the genes of embryonic stem cells

...se biological processes. "It may give us new gene targets to study relative to cancer and other disease states that may have these marks and have not been examined but should be," Magnuson said. Another application of epigenetics is stem cell therapeutics, in which any specific tissue type could be derived...

Biochemists report discovery of structure of major piece of telomerase; implications for cancer

...most cancers, and this work ultimately may lead to targets for drug intervention, the scientists said. The discovery is the cover story in the March 4 issue of the journal Molecular Cell. "Knowledge of the structure should provide insights into how telomerase works," said Juli Feigon, professor of chemistry...

Study reveals dramatic difference between breast cancers in US and Africa

... the breast and often do not present the molecular targets that form the basis of many standard therapies. "We have known for a long time that breast cancer is not one disease and that it may be somehow different in Africa," said study author Funmi Olopade, M.D., professor of medicine and director of the Ce...

Building a human kinase gene repository

...of pathological conditions, which make kinases key targets in drug discovery efforts, primarily in oncology. This collection is unique because clones in the collection represent protein kinases as well as non-protein kinases, are fully sequenced verified, full-length, and can be sub-cloned by recombination ...

Multiple-drug resistant gene expression pattern predicts treatment outcome for pediatric leukemia

...tiple-drug resistance and illuminate potential new targets for overcoming this cause of treatment failure in childhood ALL," explains Dr. Evans. ...

Protein prevents detrimental immune effects of bacterial sepsis

...e pathways: "The ultimate goal is to use these new targets (e.g., a receptor for a given anti-inflammatory mediator) to develop better and safer drugs." The data for annexin 1 provide a new direction for such therapeutics that delicately balances removal of bacterial toxins and damage to host tissues. ...

Study reveals candidate targets for anti-retroviral therapeutics

... virus, HIV, makes identification of new antiviral targets an urgent necessity. Host genes required to support the replication of HIV are a potential source of such novel targets, but relatively few appropriate target genes have been identified in animal cells thus far. A new study, conducted by Dr. Suzanne ...

The lopsided brain: Attention bias is shared by humans and birds

...re asked to "cancel-out" evenly distributed visual targets on a sheet of paper placed before them. The finding that birds also exhibit spatial pseudoneglect is somewhat surprising, given that birds lack a corpus collosum, the structure in human brains that is thought to facilitate rapid communication betwee...

Disease progression model of pancreatic cancer developed by Penn researchers

...th factors and their receptors will offer possible targets for treatment. The researchers were surprised to discover a high degree of heterogeneity in expression among these key molecules across the specimens. After ruling out the likelihood that this variability resulted from additional acquired mutations i...

Scripps scientists find potential for catastrophic shifts in Pacific ecosystems

...n functions (fixed growth rules) and fixed harvest targets is no longer supportable," says Sugihara. "The beg... adaptive management strategies. Fisheries harvest targets need to be flexible and precautionary. This result strengthens the scientific basis for these police...

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