Tag: "system" at biology news

Microbes start immune response by sneaking inside cells

...invade the body, they set off alarms in the immune system by interacting with receptors on a cell’s surface....ealing that bacteria can also plunge inside immune system cells and trigger the immune response there. In the new study, Nunez?team sheds light on one major p...

Penn study on olfactory nerve cells shows why we smell better when we sniff

...lts help us understand how the mammalian olfactory system encodes and decodes odor information in the environment." Researchers tested two different types of stimulation on olfactory neurons in mice: chemical stimuli, such as those used in making perfumes that have almond-like and banana-like scents, and...

Shedding new light on proteorhodopsin

...ll unknown. "Our thinking was that if you had a system that could harvest energy from two different sources and you knocked out one of those sources then you would probably maximize the alternative energy source," Liphardt said. "Think of it like a capacitor. If a capacitor is already fully charged and ...

Antibody therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in mice

...tibody -- a type of protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps fight infections and other foreign substances in the body -- directed against a receptor known as CD137 on the surface of a type of immune cell called T-cells. Treating NOD mice with the anti-CD137 antibodies significantly s...

Manipulating nature: Scientists query wildlife birth-control method

...no-contraceptive vaccine causes an animal's immune system to produce antibodies that act against some essent...duals," he says. "The job of the immunological system is to combat disease-causing organisms. But there is a danger that the selected minority might be mo...

Mechanisms involved with tumor relapse identified

...Center studying the interaction between the immune system and cancer cells have identified interferon gamma ...unotherapy involves the manipulation of the immune system ?by introducing an antibody or lymphocytes, or immunization with a tumor vaccine ?to recognize and e...

ATR checkpoint-activating DNA structure

...checkpoint activating structure in an experimental system will enable us to control, quantitative and probe checkpoint signaling responses in unprecedented ways." Using Xenopus egg extracts as a cell-free system, the researchers found that single-stranded DNA annealed with primers specifically triggers t...

Why doesn't the immune system attack the small intestine?

...er Institute have discovered why the body's immune system - perpetually on guard against foreign microbes li...emakers: lymph node cells that instruct key immune system cells to leave healthy tissue alone. The finding, which illuminates a previously unknown corner of t...

Vasectomy may put men at risk for type of dementia

... broken and semen mixes into the blood. The immune system recognizes the sperm as invading foreign agents and produces anti-sperm antibodies in 60 to 70 percent of men. Weintraub said these antibodies might cross the blood-brain-barrier and cause damage resulting in dementia. "There are other neurologica...

Novel antigen-cloning technique may boost efforts to develop a melanoma vaccine

...to develop a number of vaccines to help the immune system fight tumors. Cancer vaccines are not intended to prevent cancer; rather, they are used to boost immune responses to preexisting tumors. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, vaccines have relatively low toxicity and, potentially, a high degree of efficac...

Yale biologists 'trick' viruses into extinction

...-cell counts in the human body, so that the immune system can properly function. But, these drugs therapies are very expensive. Turner suggests, "A cheaper option is the possibility of engineering trap cells that have CD4 molecules on their surface, but no nucleus for virus reproduction. Mature red bloo...

Keeping the body in sync -- The stability of cellular clocks

...lar clocks. Stability is a measure of how fast the system reverts to its initial state after being perturbed. “To my knowledge we are the first to discuss how the stability of the oscillator directly affects bioluminescence recordings,?explains Felix Naef, a systems biology professor at EPFL and the Swi...

Researchers discover gene crucial for nerve cell insulation

... about myelin production in the peripheral nervous system could lead to greater understanding of how myelination takes place in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). Myelination in the central nervous system is not well understood. Mult...

UW launches study testing adult stem cells for heart damage repair

...ream. Then, investigators use a cell separation system to remove from the subject's bloodstream a mix of ...map" the heart with a catheter-based, non-surgical system to identify regions of the heart as targets for cell delivery. The researchers then use a special i...

Researcher to study astronaut bone loss for space biology agency

... "We hope to find that we can manipulate the IGF-1 system to accelerate rehabilitation, not only among astronauts but among a broad range of patients," says Bikle. "We might also learn how to prevent bone loss from taking place." Long concludes, "I am excited and honored to contribute to our nation's eff...

New cell type identified in cancer development

...The results showed that the strength of the immune system affected whether or not the mice got cancer. The s... can be detected and eliminated by a robust immune system when they are actively developing into cancer cells." Cancer stem cell theory is still in its inf...

Scientists find potential 'off-switch' for HIV virus

...eep if possible." HIV weakens the body's immune system by invading CD4+ T cells, which in essence serve as the metaphorical generals in the body's defense system against illness. When an HIV virus particle invades a T cell, most often it converts the cell into a...

Homing pigeons get their bearings from their beaks

...eons as they expect that the ‘pigeon-type receptor system ?might turn out to be a universal feature of all birds? Equally, this concept might not only exclusively apply to birds, since it has been shown that many animals display behavior that is modified or controlled by the Earth’s magnetic field. The ...

New molecular pathway could reveal how cells stick together

...s. Cells must interact with each other to produce system responses, like the remodeling of a tissue during ...well as the role it plays in immunity. "The immune system is all about immune cells circulating around and being able to attach to tissues that need their att...

UCSF brain tumor vaccine trial shows promising results

...treating a recurrent cancer of the central nervous system that occurs primarily in the brain has shown promi...was effective in stimulating the patient’s immune system to attack the tumor cells, a function that is known medically as tumor-specific immune response. A...

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