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Tag: "synthesizing" at biology news

Breakthrough method in nanoparticle synthesis paves the way for new pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

... chemistry,?said Prof. Ying. Previous attempts at synthesizing such nanoparticles created particles that were limited in the type of structure, degree of structural ordering and range of pore sizes. Most current technologies can only produce 2-dimensional hexagonal structure with small pore diameter ( IBN’s sim...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

...n explains. "First, it signals the nucleus to stop synthesizing new proteins to give the ER time to catch up. Second, it induces expression and synthesis of more chaperone proteins to assist with protein folding and help with protein trafficking. And third, it activates genes involved in protein degradation to ge...

To control germs, scientists deploy tiny agents provocateurs

...ations of AHLs. In particular, the UW chemists are synthesizing molecules that interact with a specific class of proteins that are linked to AHLs and are critical in quorum sensing. "We want to design molecules to confuse bacteria so they can't sense their neighbors," says Blackwell, "but some types of quorum se...

Scientists discover the body's marijuana-like compounds are crucial for stress-induced pain relief

..., also in Italy. All were crucial in designing and synthesizing the enzyme inhibitor. Scientists have long known that injured athletes or even gunshot victims have a period of time in which the body's pain reaction is delayed. This effect is called "stress-induced analgesia." By the mid-1990s, researchers had ta...

Harmless virus may hold key to more effective HIV drug discovery

...onto the bacteriophage, which was then coaxed into synthesizing the millions of mutational variants of Nef. The researchers then targeted this library, which they call an allelome, with a second library of small-molecule compounds in order to identify the specific compounds that could target the entire population...

Tagging pathogens with synthetic DNA 'barcodes'

... as a "generic instead of a genetic material." By synthesizing three short strands of DNA, each of which is complementary to one of the others along half its length, the researchers can create a Y-shaped structure. Combining several of these structures creates a web with many branching ends. "While DNA is flexib...

Natural compound from 'pond scum' shows potential activity against Alzheimer's

...Zürich. Gademann's lab specializes in identifying, synthesizing and studying new bioactive compounds from natural sources. There is no cure for Alzheimer's at present, although cholinesterase inhibitors have shown promise for delaying or preventing the symptoms of mild to moderate forms of the disease, experts s...

Leading lampreys to slaughter: Pheromone for scourge of Great Lakes identified

...ffrey and Feng Shao in Hoye's lab were integral to synthesizing the key component, called PADS. The chemical structure of PADS is very similar to that of squalamine, a compound made by the "dogfish" shark. Squalamine has been reported to work against cancer by inhibiting the growth of blood vessels that feed tumo...

Jefferson scientists identify gene defect leading to abnormal skin development and cancer

...ffrey and Feng Shao in Hoye's lab were integral to synthesizing the key component, called PADS. The chemical structure of PADS is very similar to that of squalamine, a compound made by the "dogfish" shark. Squalamine has been reported to work against cancer by inhibiting the growth of blood vessels that feed tumo...

Chlamydia parasite lives off our fat

...ukaryotic host for everything from reproduction to synthesizing ATP, all while living inside a membrane-bounded vacuole that provides a protected, fertile environment for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Because lipid acquisition from the host is necessary for chlamydial replication, these pathogens are essenti...

Intelligently designed molecular evolution

...into microbes for mass production. In addition to synthesizing therapeutic drugs, other possible applications would include flavors, fragrances and nutraceuticals. "Our ultimate goal is to be able to put as much chemistry as we can into microbes," said Keasling, a pioneer and leading authority in the burgeoning...

The closest look ever at the cell's machines

... prefabricating core elements of machines and then synthesizing additional, snap-on molecules that give each machine a precise function. That provides an economic way to diversify biological processes and also to control them." Thus if the cell needs to respond quickly, such as in a disease or another emergency...

Salk scientists untangle steroid hormone signaling in plants

...ght, pathogens, and cold weather. Unfortunately, synthesizing brassinosteroids in the lab is complicated and expensive. But understanding how plant steroids work at the molecular level may one day lead to cheap and simple ways to bulk up crop harvests. Likewise, since low brassinolide levels are associated wit...

Ozone recovering, but unlikely to stabilize at pre-1980 levels, says study

...ght, pathogens, and cold weather. Unfortunately, synthesizing brassinosteroids in the lab is complicated and expensive. But understanding how plant steroids work at the molecular level may one day lead to cheap and simple ways to bulk up crop harvests. Likewise, since low brassinolide levels are associated wit...

MIT engineers probe spiders' polymer art

... The spider's silk-producing glands are capable of synthesizing large fibrous proteins and processing those proteins into an insoluble fiber. "The amazing thing nature has found is how to spin a material out of an aqueous solution and produce a fiber that doesn't re-dissolve," McKinley said. Like a cooked egg w...

Nanotech tools yield DNA transcription breakthrough

...initial binding site to move along DNA to continue synthesizing RNA. The results establish that during transcription initiation the machine remains stationary at its initial binding site and "reels in" adjacent DNA segments, unwinding these segments and pulling the unwound DNA strands into itself. This remarka...

Biologists probe the machinery of cellular protein factories

...rucial job of reading the genetic instructions and synthesizing the specified proteins is carried out by ribosomes, tiny protein factories humming away inside the cells of all living things. Harry Noller, the Sinsheimer Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, has been studyin...

Detailed 3-D image catches a key regulator of neural stem cell differentiation in action

...of inhibitors and now it is a matter of chemically synthesizing them, testing them in test tubes and cells, and imaging them bound to Scp1 in 3D," says Noel. This will set the stage for the rational fine-tuning of their efficacy using an established process Noel likens to molecular dentistry, because his group is...

BC catalyst discovery promises faster, cheaper drug production

...eral costly and wasteful steps from the process of synthesizing certain molecules. "Our new catalyst will significantly improve the efficiency with which biologically and medicinally active molecules can be prepared," said Prof. Hoveyda, who is also chair of the department. "Such a catalyst, by shortening synthe...

Killing the messenger RNA -- But which one?

...s PRPS1, codes for an essential enzyme involved in synthesizing uric acid. If levels of the enzyme are poorly regulated, a number of health problems can arise. For example, too-high levels of the enzyme can cause uric acid levels to rise in the blood, triggering painful episodes of gout. Similarly, in the brain, ...

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