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Tag: "surfaces" at biology news

Bacteria use host's immune response to their competitive advantage

...ther bacterial species to colonize the mucus-lined surfaces of our noses. Competition between two common nose bacteria involves some interesting trickery, according to a new study in PLoS Pathogens. "We're looking at how bacteria use their host, and we've found that the presence of one species leads to the e...

Scripps research scientists identify infertility molecule

...tidic acid (LPA) receptor that can be found on the surfaces of cells in the brains and in the uteruses of mammals, where it binds to LPA, one type of phospholipid. Phospholipids, molecules of fat with a charged head on one end, are commonly found in biological organisms and are generally regarded as essentia...

Study finds adult stem cells can replicate

...epsin G is sticking to and interacting with on the surfaces of neutrophils and other cells. ### Raptis SZ, Shapiro SD, Simmons PM, Cheng AM, Pham CTN. Serine protease Cathepsin G regulates adhesion-dependent neutrophil effector functions by modulation integrin clustering. Immunity, June 7, 2005, 679-691. Fu...

Enzyme's newly discovered role may make it target for arthritis treatment

...epsin G is sticking to and interacting with on the surfaces of neutrophils and other cells. ### Raptis SZ, Shapiro SD, Simmons PM, Cheng AM, Pham CTN. Serine protease Cathepsin G regulates adhesion-dependent neutrophil effector functions by modulation integrin clustering. Immunity, June 7, 2005, 679-691. Fu...

Malaria mechanism revealed

...e glycans were discovered to be sandwiched between surfaces where the two RII molecules bind to each other when they form their handshake. This finding suggested that the RII handshake interaction serves to clamp the parasite protein onto the glycophorin A receptor of red blood cells. An important idea stemmi...

Discovery of New Dopamine Action May Yield Alternative Psychiatric Drugs

...ving neuron. Receptors are protein switches on the surfaces of neurons that recognize neurotransmitters and translate their signals into a cellular response. Dopamine exerts its functions in the brain by binding to two broad classes of receptors -- one class that transmits signals fast and another that acts t...

Roundup®highly lethal to amphibians, finds University of Pittsburgh researcher

...t, that allows the herbicide to penetrate the waxy surfaces of plants. In Roundup®, that surfactant is a chemical called polyethoxylated tallowamine. Other herbicides have less dangerous surfactants: For example, Relyea's study found that 2,4-D had no effect on tadpoles. "We've repeated the experiment, so we...

Purdue researchers use enzyme to clip 'DNA wires'

...his research has been stretched onto silicon oxide surfaces at lengths up to 35 microns, or millionths of a meter, and 2 nanometers wide," Kinsella said. "When coated with particles and fragmented by the enzyme, we were able to distinguish that the once-single DNA wire was clipped into smaller wires." In fut...

Newly Discovered 'Branding' Process Helps Immune System Cells Pick Their Fights

...fragments of proteins they have picked up on their surfaces for inspection by T cells. Fragments of proteins are called peptides. Researchers also knew that when antigen-presenting cells are activated by inflammatory factors or microbial products, they start putting out chemically unstable compounds such as ...

Hydrogen and methane provide raw energy for life at 'Lost City'

...spectacular caves with spires and smoothly rippled surfaces in a complex three-dimensional array, says Duke University's Jeffrey Karson, co-author on the paper. Another marked difference being published for the first time this week concerns the diversity of life. The fluids at Lost City harbor large amounts ...

Nature provides inspiration for important new adhesive

...ults in the ability of mussels to stick tightly to surfaces despite being inundated in water. "Clearly the mussels have evolved with the ability to make this protein so they can cling to rocks despite wave forces," Li said. "It's quite remarkable, just an incredibly unique natural feature." The mussel prote...

Distributed Basic Local Alignment Search Toolkit (W.ND-BLAST)

...ater droplets containing microbes) or condensed on surfaces where they can be touched. Many of the bacteria found in biofilm, such as legionella pneumophila, are exhibiting resistance to commonly used water treatment methods as well as to the antibiotics used for treating infected patients. Further complicat...

New strategies to reduce hospital-aquired infections

...ater droplets containing microbes) or condensed on surfaces where they can be touched. Many of the bacteria found in biofilm, such as legionella pneumophila, are exhibiting resistance to commonly used water treatment methods as well as to the antibiotics used for treating infected patients. Further complicat...

Friendly bacteria in humans may protect against HIV

...nst HIV have failed. Inoculating the major mucosal surfaces where HIV transmission occurs with the HIV-capturing lactobacilli may provide a safe and cost-efficient method for preventing the spread of HIV, says Tao. "This method can protect infants against HIV in breast milk and women against HIV upon sexual ...

Marine sponge yields nanoscale secrets

...of the bio-catalyst of the marine sponge) onto the surfaces of gold nanoparticles. They showed that when two p... by incorporating catalytic components on the flat surfaces of silicon wafers, using these techniques to create nanoscale patterns of their catalyst. They are l...

Nano-bumps could help repair clogged blood vessels

...d to repair arteries might perform better if their surfaces contained "nano-bumps" that mimic tiny features found in living tissues. The researchers already have shown in a series of experiments that bone and cartilage cells in petri dishes attach better to materials that possess smaller surface bumps than a...

Genetically Modified Natural Killer Immune Cells Attack, Kill Leukemia Cells

...y modified the K562 cells so they carried on their surfaces many copies of two different proteins, 4-1BBL and IL-15. The genetically modified K562 cells quickly stimulated the expansion of the NK cell population to more than10,000 times their original number. The technique triggered growth of NK cells specifi...

Polymers with copper show promise for implanted sensors

...uracy of the sensors and fewer clots on the sensor surfaces when we use nitric oxide-releasing polymeric coatings," said Meyerhoff. However, those materials have some characteristics that may limit their usefulness. "In some instances, the chemistry in the polymer is sensitive to moisture and heat, so whethe...

Probing the promise and perils of nanoparticles

...rimers in particular ways, such as modifying their surfaces to make them neutral instead of charged, the scientists found. And, added Banaszak Holl, "not only does engineering make them less harmful, but it also makes them better at what we want them to do. You don't lose anything; it's all a gain." More rec...

Artifical cornea lets woman blind 20 years see

...ed the ability of her eyes to soothe their damaged surfaces by remaining moist. She came to rely upon family and friends to help her do many of the activities people with normal vision sometimes take for granted. Now, twenty years and several life milestones later, Elma is able to see again, thanks to advanc...

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