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Tag: "surface" at biology news

Microscopic brain imaging in the palm of your hand

...arning and memory. Imaging living cells below the surface has been difficult to accomplish using conventional techniques. Electron microscopy can't be used on living tissue, and optical (light) microscopy can't penetrate very deeply into tissue because light scatters as it travels through tissue near the su...

Redesigned protein accelerates blood clotting

...nt for factor VIII to work. Factor VIII has on its surface pocket-like chains of amino acids shaped to hold calcium ions (calcium binding sites). When calcium bonds to it, factor VIII changes shape and becomes better able to bind factor IX. In past research, Fay's team had identified a single amino acid (ou...

Most common lung cancers may begin in newly discovered cells

...rified them from the lungs of healthy mice. On the surface of BASCs, Bender Kim found another protein marker that is also present on the surface of better-studied hematopoietic stem cells. She made certain that BASCs were not stem cells of the b...

Scientists focus on 'dwarf eye'

...rmal human eye, the MFRP protein is located on the surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is located beneath the retina and helps maintain photoreceptors, the eye's light-detecting cells. Blindness occurs when these cells die after detachment of the retina from the RPE. Beneath the RPE are t...

Fruit fly studies open new window on cancer research

...orters appear to be responsive to nutrients on the surface of the cell and do not need to bring these nutrients into the cell. The action of the transporters was so significant that a defect in one of them reduces a fly's growth by about half. Dr Deborah Goberdhan, one of the researchers involved, said, "W...

New lead reported in tumor angiogenesis

...hich is known to bind to a specific protein on the surface of endothelial cells. "I thought, 'Oh, this makes ...d1 protein is not secreted but is displayed on the surface of the tumor cells. I speculated that HGF induced jagged1 levels to increase, leading to a direct su...

New research could help us deliver genes for new bone formation

...ch will use tiny nanoscopic systems that cross the surface of a stem cell and then deliver the genes into that prompt the cell to turn into a bone cell. Professor Richard Oreffo at the University of Southampton and Dr Martin Garnett and Professor Kevin Shakesheff at the University of Nottingham are develop...

Beetle-inspired switch uses water for bonding

...ven cars -- the switch in its most basic form uses surface tension created by water droplets in contact with ...or the switch to make or release a bond created by surface tension, a water droplet moves to the top or bottom of a flat plate surface using electricity from e...

Engineered molecule amplifies body's immune response

... as cancers. Interferon binds to receptors on the surface of the cell, which then use Stat molecules to send signals to the nucleus to increase the expression of genes needed to defend the host against infection. A balance in the amount of Stat signaling caused by interferon is very important. "When inter...

UNC computer, marine scientists collaborate to predict flow of toxic waters from Katrina

...e the required 60 days of water velocity and water surface elevation they would need more computational power then they had at the university. They asked UNC's Dr. Daniel A. Reed for help -- based on their NOAA--funded collaboration with RENCI -- to establish a computational system with Web access for rapid-...

Discovering an ecosystem beneath a collapsed Antarctic ice shelf

...ter on Earth or the hypothesized ocean beneath the surface on the Jovian moon Europa. ...

Genetic discovery could lead to drought-resistant plants

...ple of a gene that controls how leaves close their surface pores, appears in the July 12 issue of Current Bio...n about how the Earth breathes." The pores on the surface of plant leaves, called stomata, function like little mouths that open and close in response to cues...

Hide and seek: Researchers discover a new way for infectious bacteria to enter cells

...epended on an interaction between a protein on the surface of the bacteria, known as InlB, and a protein called Met on the surface of the cell it was invading. They discovered that when InlB interacts with Met, the cell responds...

Gene discovery sheds light on causes of rare disease, cancer

...epended on an interaction between a protein on the surface of the bacteria, known as InlB, and a protein called Met on the surface of the cell it was invading. They discovered that when InlB interacts with Met, the cell responds...

Tagging pathogens with synthetic DNA 'barcodes'

...s, the researchers attached many DNA probes to the surface of polystyrene microbeads 5.5 microns (millionths of a meter) in diameter. The results can be read in several ways. One is in a flow cytometer, in which samples move rapidly past a window where a computer reads the color codes of individual beads. An...

Beyond genes: Lipid helps cell wall protein fold into proper shape

...ater-unfriendly inner layer that defines the outer surface of cells. Transport of nutrients and waste materia...mbrane surface," Dowhan said. Membranes and their surface proteins are accessible targets for pharmaceuticals, and most drugs target either membrane proteins ...

Physical and functional interaction of key cell growth molecules linked to cancer

...ctor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is a well-studied cell surface receptor that stimulates cell growth by transmitting growth factor signals acting outside the cell. EGFR is often present at abnormally elevated levels in human cancer cells. Increased EGFR activity has been linked to metastasis and treatment resista...

Shark skin saves naval industry money

...y decreased contact surface. This reduced contact surface makes it harder for barnacles to attach, and reduc...7%. When applied to the ship hull, this artificial surface enables ships to ´self-clean´, and a speed of 4-5 knots would remove all organisms attached with lit...

Experts discuss use of human stem cells in ape and monkey brains

...y decreased contact surface. This reduced contact surface makes it harder for barnacles to attach, and reduc...7%. When applied to the ship hull, this artificial surface enables ships to ´self-clean´, and a speed of 4-5 knots would remove all organisms attached with lit...

Ethical guidelines suggested for research that would put human stem cells in primates

...y decreased contact surface. This reduced contact surface makes it harder for barnacles to attach, and reduc...7%. When applied to the ship hull, this artificial surface enables ships to ´self-clean´, and a speed of 4-5 knots would remove all organisms attached with lit...

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