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Tag: "surface" at biology news

Fox Chase study shows that weakened T-cell receptor signals change T-cell lineage

...t. "T cells recognize these invaders by means of a surface structure called the T-cell antigen receptor complex, or TCR." Two distinct lineages of T cells utilize distinct types of TCR complexes. One lineage employs pairs of TCR proteins termed alpha-beta while the other uses the TCR gamma-delta pair of pro...

Primates on the brink

...al that cover just 2.3 percent of the Earth's land surface but harbor well over 50 percent of all terrestrial plant and animal diversity. Eight of the hotspots are considered the highest priorities for the survival of the most endangered primates: Indo-Burma, Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands, Sundalan...

Human Eggs Can Develop From Ovarian Surface Cells In Vitro

...an eggs may develop directly from cultured ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cells derived from adult human ov...rom cultured OSE cells. By scraping cells from the surface of adult ovaries and growing them for 5 to 6 days in the presence of an estrogen-containing medium (...

At the molecular level, the predator is the prey

...that endures the toxin's attacks. Embedded in the surface of garter snake nerve cells is tsNa(V)1.4, a tube-shaped protein that allows sodium ions to flow into the cell. When nerve cells' ability to move sodium in and out is hampered, paralysis and death can result. Tetrodotoxin (TTX), a powerful paralytic ...

Natural Killers Could Lead to New Hepatitis Treatments

...lacing the gene encoding a characteristic NKT cell surface receptor called CXCR6 with the gene for green fluorescent protein. Although the CXCR6 receptor is known to be central to the function of NKT cells, its overall role was not known, said Littman. Working with Geissman, Cameron adapted a technique call...

Engineers improve plastic's potential for use in implants by linking it to biological material

... These unique peptides were displayed on the outer surface of a harmless type of virus called a bacteriophage.... To make certain that something else on the outer surface of the bacteriophage virus wasn't responsible for its perceived stickiness, the researchers demonstr...

Innovative coating could give medical implants a longer life

...eloped at Northwestern, which sticks securely to a surface and prevents cell and protein buildup, works for a...d cells. The coating anchored itself firmly to the surface and demonstrated excellent resistance to proteins and cells during the five-month experiment. For th...

Newly discovered protein an important tool for sleeping sickness research

...he human immune system because it is coated with a surface antigen called variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). The human body makes antibodies for VSG, but trypanosomes randomly switch to ano...

Breakthrough System for Understanding Ocean Plant Life Announced

...he human immune system because it is coated with a surface antigen called variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). The human body makes antibodies for VSG, but trypanosomes randomly switch to ano...

NASA probe could reveal comet life, scientists claim

...reveal living matter in the icy layers beneath the surface of a comet. NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft will ma... per hour and will penetrate 15-20 metres into the surface before exploding. The comet will remain intact despite losing a huge amount of material ?100,000 ton...

Mice brains shrink during winter, impairing some learning and memory

...m to find an escape platform hidden just below the surface of opaque water. They were tested for several days to determine how long it would take them to find the platform, and whether they remembered where the platform was from day to day. Results showed that mice that were kept in short days ?simulating w...

Life detection instrument passes key test on road to Mars

...ted this project, I had seen photos of the Martian surface and possible signs of water, but the existence of ...shows there used to be running liquid water on the surface of Mars." "The connection between water and life has been made very strongly, and we think there is...

Understanding how bacteria communicate may help scientists prevent disease

...bacterium also has receptors ?proteins on its cell surface -- to sense autoinducers. As the amount of autoinducer reaches a critical level, the bacteria know they have a quorum because a change is initiated in the receptor protein, which then causes a series of further changes within each bacterium. Kulkarn...

Discovery could be key to bioterrorism defense

...archers and investigators demonstrated that a cell surface protein called Ephrin-B2 is a functional receptor ... genes that are coded for known and predicted cell surface proteins that were missing from the resistant cell line," Dr. Broder said. "The genes were put into ...

Critical step traced in anthrax infection

...proteins that assemble into a toxic complex on the surface of the host cell to set off a chain of events leading to cell toxicity and death. Protective antigen (PA) is one of these proteins, and after binding to the cell, seven copies of it assemble into a specific complex that is capable of forming a pore i...

How exactly does the brain control breathing?

...ed glutamate. Their close proximity to the ventral surface of the brain allows them to sense and react to cha...ysiol 90.3, pg.259 Respiratory control by ventral surface chemoreceptor neurons in rats. Nature Neuroscience, 7(12), 1360-1369. Mulkey, DK, Stornetta, RL, Wes...

Malaria mechanism revealed

...red blood cells is the binding of a protein on the surface of merozoites called EBA-175 to a receptor protein on the surface of red blood cells called glycophorin A. Merozoites die if they do not invade red blood cells soon a...

Immune system's distress signal tells bacteria when to strike back

...ts of moist places, including damp soil and on the surface of vegetables, as well as in streams, faucets and ... protein, called OprF, found on the outer membrane surface of Pseudomonas. This serves an early warning system. Once Pseudomonas detects the first signs of a ...

Scientists discover global pattern of big fish diversity in open oceans

...e for tiny zooplankton, and both are linked to sea surface temperature. "This is the great joy of science," s...he variety of big fish. "This study brings to the surface something that was buried," says Daniel Pauly, a fisheries biologist from the University of British ...

MIT engineers an anti-cancer smart bomb

...nner balloon with chemotherapy agents. A "stealth" surface chemistry allows the nanocells to evade the immune system, while their size (200 nanometers) makes them preferentially taken into the tumor. They are small enough to pass through tumor vessels, but too large for the pores of normal vessels. Once the...

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