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Tag: "surface" at biology news

Scientists journey to southern Africa to unravel the secret world of elephant communication

...ate measurable seismic waves that travel along the surface of the ground. In 1999, the UC-Davis team developed a mathematical model predicting that low-frequency vibrations have the potential of traveling up to 20 miles in the ground--potentially three times farther than airborne calls. A year later, after ...

Decoding the logic of olfaction

...ins with odorant receptors that are located on the surface of nerve cells inside the nose. When an odorant receptor detects an odor molecule, it triggers a nerve signal that travels to a way station in the brain called the olfactory bulb. Signals from the olfactory bulb, in turn, travel to the brain's olfact...

Genpathway and Baylor College of Medicine Identify New Genes in Breast Cancer

...ins with odorant receptors that are located on the surface of nerve cells inside the nose. When an odorant receptor detects an odor molecule, it triggers a nerve signal that travels to a way station in the brain called the olfactory bulb. Signals from the olfactory bulb, in turn, travel to the brain's olfact...

Researchers discover underwater volcano

...f approximately 200 meters-close enough to the sea surface that it could provide a potential hazard to ocean navigation and coastal communities. Such hazards may include the explosive reaction between red-hot lava and seawater, or tsunamis that may be caused by the collapse of the newly built volcano. "It i...

Novel gene-silencing nanoparticles shown to inhibit Ewing's sarcoma

...til it meets up with a transferrin receptor on the surface of another cell. The transferrin binds tightly to a receptor on the cell's surface, where it is drawn inside and surrounded by a small vesicle. The vessels are acidified, causing the nanoparticles to release its contents ?the siRNA. "Since transferr...

Double triumph in stem cell quest

... of his technique, but other teams glue cells to a surface and spin them until the denser nucleus is forced o...am has not yet tested the HLA proteins on the cell surface to prove that the stembrids are an immune match for the adult donors. By contrast, Hwang's team has ...

Edible bivalves as a source of human pathogens: signals between vibrios and the bivalve host.

...vibrios within the bivalve host, such as bacterial surface ligands, soluble hemolymph components and the ability of bacteria to affect distinct signaling pathways responsible for the hemocyte immune response. Laura Canesi, from the University of Urbino adds "In bivalve hemocytes, different Vibrio species an...

New project aims to make large-scale lobster farms feasible

...l of 12,000 square feet of lobster larvae-snagging surface area. In 2004, with $50,000 in funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Small Business Innovation Research program, the company began working with Harbor Branch's aquaculture program and other groups to determine if commerc...

NIAID begins clinical trial of West Nile virus vaccine

...plasmid--that contains genes that code for two key surface proteins of the West Nile virus. When the vaccine ...re foreign, the muscle cells display them on their surface to alert the body's immune system--both helper T cells, which spur the production of antibodies to b...

Oceans more vulnerable to agricultural runoff than previously thought, study finds

...ns is controlled by the supply of nutrients to the surface water," wrote the authors, who are all affiliated ...ts that can detect phytoplankton floating near the surface of the sea. "These instruments measure the level of greenness in the water," explained Kevin Arrigo...

Elephant seal pups suffer from ocean warming

...nd fur seals that feed near their rookeries at the surface of the ocean are known to be very sensitive to water temperature changes, as an increase in water temperature usually causes their prey to migrate to cooler areas, depleting local food resources and resulting in pup starvation. Elephant seals, which ...

Researchers make surprise discovery that some neurons can transmit three signals at once

...ck and key, they bind to specific receptors on the surface of the receiving cell, causing its electrical activity to be enhanced or inhibited. The first week after birth marks a critical phase in the developing rat brain, a time period comparable to three months gestation in a human, when neurons are meticu...

Researchers develop assay that could be applied to drug screening

...t into the machinery cells use to internalize cell surface receptors. All cells traffic protein cargos across their outer membrane, and one of the most important routes for cargo internalization is clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME). CME is of fundamental importance for many cellular activities including r...

Scientists discover how Ebola virus infects cells

...virus co-opts and uses to cut up one of the virus' surface proteins. Once this protein is snipped apart, the virus is free to begin multiplying. The scientists applied broad-spectrum enzyme inhibitors to mammalian cells before exposing them to Ebola virus. When one specific cellular enzyme, cathepsin B, was ...

Master gene controls healing of skin in fruit flies and mammals

...air of insect cuticle--the outer layer of the body surface in insects--also controls these processes in mamma...scar tissue resulting from the failure of the body surface barrier to develop properly. Confirming her suspicions, the mutant embryos turned out to be much mor...

Scripps scientists find potential for catastrophic shifts in Pacific ecosystems

... characteristics of the North Pacific, such as sea surface temperature (which were suspected to show regimes), are not nonlinear. Rather, these physical characteristics evolve in a complicated but apparently linear manner, involving the sum of many variables. This finding means that suspected regime-like flu...

Successful Test Of Single Molecule Switch Opens The Door To Biomolecular Electronics

...th molecules designed to bond at their ends with a surface and the probe tip. The second problem has been that these connected molecules have failed to exhibit the predicted electrical properties when tested without a conducting solution. Physicists attempting these measurements avoided using electrolyte so...

Currents could disrupt ocean food chain

If increased precipitation and sea surface heating from global warming disrupts the Atlantic ...lankton sink to the bottom and are replaced at the surface with nutrient-rich water that encourages further production," Schmittner said. "When the current is ...

Molecular thermometers on skin cells detect heat and camphor

... thermoTRP channels in that it is expressed on the surface of skin cells known as keratinocytes. At the time, they hypothesized that its presence on keratinocytes might mean that the detection of temperature takes place in the skin as well as on these neurons. In their Science paper, they demonstrate that t...

Cousin of Asian super termite invades Florida

...ts at dusk and in the evening. The head and dorsal surface of the body are dark brown in contrast to its yellow-brown underside, thereby giving the flying insects a "two-toned" appearance. Termite "soldiers" are characterized by their teardrop-shaped heads and the presence of a pore that secretes a sticky, m...

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