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Tag: "sugar" at biology news

Genome sequencing reveals key to viable ethanol production

...of that wood. A product of that tiny reaction is a sugar called laminaribiose that diffuses into the cell. There it deactivates a repressor for two genes, which wake up and start pumping out the two triggers the full production of wood-degrading enzymes CelC and LicA. Wu’s paper shows the first time the ...

Detecting poisons in nectar is an odour-ous task for honeybees

...not taste them. Researchers found that both the sugar content and the toxins in nectar affected a honeybee’s memory for learned odours. Honeybees learned not to respond to odours associated with toxins within 20 min of eating toxins, and would retain this ability up to 24 hours after eating a toxin. T...

Bats get the munchies too!

...Egyptian fruit bats also crave particular types of sugar to reduce the effects of ethanol toxicity. Francis...tacles (much like us humans, some might say!). The sugar molecule, fructose, is known to reduce the toxicity of ethanol. Therefore, scientists investigated t...

Targeting sugar on blood vessels may inhibit cancer growth

...an Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine have targeted a sugar that supports blood vessel growth in the tumor. T...onsible for modifying the molecular structure of a sugar called heparan sulfate. In endothelial cells, this sugar facilitates the action of several importa...

Alien plants attack using 'resource conservation' as weapon, researchers say

...educing available resources-for example, by mixing sugar into the soil to lock up nutrients or by blocking sunlight with tarps. But these experiments had relatively limited success. "Our results can maybe explain why that method didn't work for all the invasive species," Funk said. Current techniques fo...

Keeping the immune system from starting a 'food fight'

...nsulin resistance, glucose intolerance, high blood sugar and lipid levels, and fatty liver disease. They also showed that the loss of STAMP2 exacerbated the metabolic symptoms of mice with a genetic predisposition to obesity due to other factors. When food enters the system, STAMP2 normally keeps the im...

Genome of Clostridium botulinum reveals the background to world's deadliest toxin

...num and less than 2 kg — the weight of two bags of sugar — is enough to kill every person on the planet. Very small amounts of the same toxin are used in medical treatments, one of which is known as Botox®. The genome sequence shows that C. botulinum doesn’t have subtle tools to evade our human defences o...

St. Jude study shows genes play an unexpected role in their own activation

...hat make glucose could reduce blood levels of this sugar in people with diabetes,” Brindle said. “But at the same time, CREB could continue its other jobs without interruption.” ...

Plastic that grows on trees

... catalysts work during an atom-swapping phase that sugar molecules go through called mutarotation, in which an H (hydrogen) and OH (hydroxyl group) trade places. The hydrogen-hydroxyl position-switch that allows the catalytic conversion was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance performed at the William...

Progress toward an antitumor vaccine

...ining structural elements typical of tumors in the sugar as well as the protein segment,” explains Kunz, “can thus be attached to the carrier protein in a controlled fashion. The largely nonimmunogenic thioether bridges could clear the way for the development of vaccines for immunization against tumor cell...

In mice, drug protects against diabetes and atherosclerosis

... the inhibitor drug were found to have lower blood sugar and triglycerides -- a component of "bad" cholesterol -- and significantly improved insulin sensitivity compared to control mice. Tests also showed that the drug reduced the activity of gene pathway called JNK that triggers the inflammatory and insu...

Nicotine rush hinges on sugar in neurons

... in Nature Neuroscience online proposes a role for sugar as the hinge that opens a gate in the cell membran...ns. The results reveal an important role for the sugar molecules in such proteins. “Our studies fill a major gap in the field and set a new paradigm,” sa...

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